Kleine Kreuzer (Small Cruisers) & Avisos

[Nobody]

Bussard class, German small cruiser/Aviso laid down 1892
   Ships in class:
      SMS Bussard
      SMS Falke
      SMS Seeadler
      SMS Condor
      SMS Cormoran
      SMS Geier

Displacement:
   1.525 t light; 1.580 t standard; 1.793 t normal; 1.964 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (271,00 ft / 261,22 ft) x 41,01 ft x (15,42 / 16,34 ft)
   (82,60 m / 79,62 m) x 12,50 m  x (4,70 / 4,98 m)

Armament:
      8 - 4,13" / 105 mm 35,0 cal guns - 30,86lbs / 14,00kg shells, 100 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1892 Model
     8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      4 raised mounts
      5 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm 20,0 cal guns - 1,39lbs / 0,63kg shells, 1.500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1892 Model
     5 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      3 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 254 lbs / 115 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      2 - 13,8" / 350 mm, 13,12 ft / 4,00 m torpedoes - 0,217 t each, 0,434 t total
   In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes
      2nd Torpedoes
      5 - 13,8" / 350 mm, 13,12 ft / 4,00 m torpedoes - 0,217 t each, 1,084 t total
   below water reloads

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   1,97" / 50 mm   169,78 ft / 51,75 m   7,68 ft / 2,34 m
   Ends:   1,97" / 50 mm     91,40 ft / 27,86 m   7,68 ft / 2,34 m
   Upper:   1,97" / 50 mm   169,78 ft / 51,75 m   8,01 ft / 2,44 m
     Main Belt covers 100% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   0,59" / 15 mm         -               -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 0,79" / 20 mm
   Forecastle: 0,39" / 10 mm  Quarter deck: 0,79" / 20 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 1,97" / 50 mm, Aft 0,79" / 20 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 2.594 ihp / 1.935 Kw = 16,00 kts
   Range 3.800nm at 10,00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 384 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   137 - 179

Cost:
   £0,128 million / $0,513 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 35 tons, 2,0%
      - Guns: 33 tons, 1,8%
      - Weapons: 2 tons, 0,1%
   Armour: 386 tons, 21,5%
      - Belts: 275 tons, 15,3%
      - Armament: 11 tons, 0,6%
      - Armour Deck: 91 tons, 5,1%
      - Conning Towers: 9 tons, 0,5%
   Machinery: 463 tons, 25,8%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 621 tons, 34,6%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 269 tons, 15,0%
   Miscellaneous weights: 19 tons, 1,1%
      - Hull below water: 10 tons
      - Hull above water: 5 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 4 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     2.626 lbs / 1.191 Kg = 74,4 x 4,1 " / 105 mm shells or 5,3 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,50
   Metacentric height 2,6 ft / 0,8 m
   Roll period: 10,7 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 80 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,12
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 2,00

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has raised forecastle, raised quarterdeck ,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0,380 / 0,393
   Length to Beam Ratio: 6,37 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 16,16 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 40
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -20,00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 3,28 ft / 1,00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20,00%,  18,11 ft / 5,52 m,  16,40 ft / 5,00 m
      - Forward deck:   30,00%,  11,52 ft / 3,51 m,  11,52 ft / 3,51 m
      - Aft deck:   35,00%,  11,52 ft / 3,51 m,  11,52 ft / 3,51 m
      - Quarter deck:   15,00%,  14,76 ft / 4,50 m,  14,76 ft / 4,50 m
      - Average freeboard:      13,12 ft / 4,00 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 91,6%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 101,9%
   Waterplane Area: 6.507 Square feet or 605 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 126%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 59 lbs/sq ft or 289 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0,89
      - Longitudinal: 3,06
      - Overall: 1,00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Based on a sailing ship
19 t misc weight
   2 t 2 35cm torpedoes with 5 reloads
--> 1508 t light

[Nobody]

SMS Gefion, German small cruiser laid down 1893

Displacement:
   3.245 t light; 3.340 t standard; 3.921 t normal; 4.386 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (362,20 ft / 358,27 ft) x 43,31 ft x (20,01 / 21,67 ft)
   (110,40 m / 109,20 m) x 13,20 m  x (6,10 / 6,60 m)

Armament:
      10 - 4,13" / 105 mm 35,0 cal guns - 30,86lbs / 14,00kg shells, 81 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1893 Model
     10 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in all but light seas
      6 - 1,97" / 50,0 mm 40,0 cal guns - 3,86lbs / 1,75kg shells, 250 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1893 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in all but light seas
      Weight of broadside 332 lbs / 151 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      2 - 17,7" / 450 mm, 14,76 ft / 4,50 m torpedoes - 0,410 t each, 0,821 t total
   In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes
      2nd Torpedoes
      4 - 17,7" / 450 mm, 14,76 ft / 4,50 m torpedoes - 0,410 t each, 1,642 t total
   below water reloads

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Ends:   Unarmoured
   Upper:   0,59" / 15 mm   232,87 ft / 70,98 m   8,01 ft / 2,44 m

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   0,79" / 20 mm         -               -
   2nd:   0,39" / 10 mm         -               -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 1,18" / 30 mm
   Forecastle: 0,79" / 20 mm  Quarter deck: 0,98" / 25 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 1,18" / 30 mm, Aft 0,00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 9.853 ihp / 7.350 Kw = 20,50 kts
   Range 6.500nm at 10,00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1.046 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   247 - 322

Cost:
   £0,381 million / $1,522 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 78 tons, 2,0%
      - Guns: 75 tons, 1,9%
      - Weapons: 4 tons, 0,1%
   Armour: 281 tons, 7,2%
      - Belts: 46 tons, 1,2%
      - Armament: 22 tons, 0,6%
      - Armour Deck: 207 tons, 5,3%
      - Conning Tower: 6 tons, 0,2%
   Machinery: 1.722 tons, 43,9%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 1.159 tons, 29,6%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 677 tons, 17,3%
   Miscellaneous weights: 4 tons, 0,1%
      - Hull below water: 2 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 2 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     2.305 lbs / 1.045 Kg = 65,3 x 4,1 " / 105 mm shells or 1,8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,67
   Metacentric height 3,3 ft / 1,0 m
   Roll period: 10,0 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 80 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,11
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 2,00

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0,442 / 0,457
   Length to Beam Ratio: 8,27 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 18,93 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 40
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 10,00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -6,56 ft / -2,00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20,00%,  20,83 ft / 6,35 m,  17,03 ft / 5,19 m
      - Forward deck:   30,00%,  17,03 ft / 5,19 m,  13,25 ft / 4,04 m
      - Aft deck:   35,00%,  13,25 ft / 4,04 m,  13,25 ft / 4,04 m
      - Quarter deck:   15,00%,  13,25 ft / 4,04 m,  13,25 ft / 4,04 m
      - Average freeboard:      14,88 ft / 4,54 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 148,6%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 105,1%
   Waterplane Area: 9.833 Square feet or 914 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 98%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 68 lbs/sq ft or 330 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0,91
      - Longitudinal: 2,33
      - Overall: 1,00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

4 t misc weight
   4 t - 2 45cm Torpedo tubes and 4 reloads

[Nobody]

SMS Hela, German Aviso laid down 1895

Displacement:
   2.498 t light; 2.566 t standard; 2.887 t normal; 3.143 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (344,49 ft / 343,18 ft) x 36,09 ft x (15,75 / 16,82 ft)
   (105,00 m / 104,60 m) x 11,00 m  x (4,80 / 5,13 m)

Armament:
      4 - 3,46" / 88,0 mm 30,0 cal guns - 15,43lbs / 7,00kg shells, 200 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1895 Model
     2 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck centre
      2 raised mounts
     2 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck centre
      2 raised mounts
      4 - 1,97" / 50,0 mm 40,0 cal guns - 3,86lbs / 1,75kg shells, 250 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1895 Model
     4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      2 - 1,97" / 50,0 mm 40,0 cal guns - 3,86lbs / 1,75kg shells, 250 per gun
     Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1895 Model
     2 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck forward
      Weight of broadside 85 lbs / 39 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      1 - 17,7" / 450 mm, 14,76 ft / 4,50 m torpedo - 0,440 t total
   submerged bow OR stern tube
      2nd Torpedoes
      2 - 17,7" / 450 mm, 14,76 ft / 4,50 m torpedoes - 0,440 t each, 0,880 t total
   In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   1,57" / 40 mm   337,93 ft / 103,00 m   7,22 ft / 2,20 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
     Main Belt covers 151% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   0,79" / 20 mm         -               -
   2nd:   0,39" / 10 mm         -               -
   3rd:   1,18" / 30 mm         -               -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 0,98" / 25 mm
   Forecastle: 0,59" / 15 mm  Quarter deck: 0,79" / 20 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 1,18" / 30 mm, Aft 0,00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 8.000 ihp / 5.968 Kw = 20,28 kts
   Range 3.600nm at 11,00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 578 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   196 - 255

Cost:
   £0,276 million / $1,105 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 16 tons, 0,6%
      - Guns: 14 tons, 0,5%
      - Weapons: 3 tons, 0,1%
   Armour: 309 tons, 10,7%
      - Belts: 146 tons, 5,0%
      - Armament: 14 tons, 0,5%
      - Armour Deck: 144 tons, 5,0%
      - Conning Tower: 5 tons, 0,2%
   Machinery: 1.323 tons, 45,8%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 844 tons, 29,2%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 389 tons, 13,5%
   Miscellaneous weights: 6 tons, 0,2%
      - Hull below water: 4 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 2 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     1.758 lbs / 798 Kg = 84,6 x 3,5 " / 88 mm shells or 1,4 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,60
   Metacentric height 2,4 ft / 0,7 m
   Roll period: 9,8 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 77 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,06
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,92

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has low quarterdeck ,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0,518 / 0,528
   Length to Beam Ratio: 9,51 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 18,53 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 47 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 40
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -60,00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 1,31 ft / 0,40 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20,00%,  16,40 ft / 5,00 m,  14,44 ft / 4,40 m
      - Forward deck:   30,00%,  14,44 ft / 4,40 m,  14,44 ft / 4,40 m
      - Aft deck:   30,00%,  14,44 ft / 4,40 m,  14,44 ft / 4,40 m
      - Quarter deck:   20,00%,  6,56 ft / 2,00 m,  6,56 ft / 2,00 m
      - Average freeboard:      13,02 ft / 3,97 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 150,8%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 115,1%
   Waterplane Area: 8.389 Square feet or 779 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 94%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 57 lbs/sq ft or 277 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0,93
      - Longitudinal: 1,79
      - Overall: 1,00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

6 t misc weight
   6 t - 3 45cm Torpedo tubes and 6 reloads

[Nobody]

Gazelle class, German small cruiser laid down 1899
   Ships in class:
      SMS Gazelle class
      SMS Niobe
      SMS Nymphe
      SMS Thetis
      SMS Ariadne
      SMS Medusa
      SMS Amazone
      SMS Frauenlob
      SMS Arcona
      SMS Undine

Displacement:
   3.157 t light; 3.250 t standard; 3.511 t normal; 3.720 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (344,82 ft / 341,54 ft) x 40,03 ft x (17,39 / 18,18 ft)
   (105,10 m / 104,10 m) x 12,20 m  x (5,30 / 5,54 m)

Armament:
      6 - 4,13" / 105 mm 40,0 cal guns - 36,60lbs / 16,60kg shells, 100 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1899 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      4 raised mounts
      4 - 4,13" / 105 mm 40,0 cal guns - 36,60lbs / 16,60kg shells, 100 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1899 Model
     4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      4 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in all but light seas
      10 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm 20,0 cal guns - 0,99lbs / 0,45kg shells, 500 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1899 Model
     10 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 376 lbs / 171 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      2 - 17,7" / 450 mm, 14,76 ft / 4,50 m torpedoes - 0,507 t each, 1,014 t total
   submerged bow & stern tubes
      2nd Torpedoes
      5 - 17,7" / 450 mm, 14,76 ft / 4,50 m torpedoes - 0,507 t each, 2,534 t total
   below water reloads

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   3,15" / 80 mm   319,88 ft / 97,50 m   7,58 ft / 2,31 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
     Main Belt covers 144% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   1,97" / 50 mm   0,39" / 10 mm            -
   2nd:   1,97" / 50 mm         -               -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 1,97" / 50 mm
   Forecastle: 0,79" / 20 mm  Quarter deck: 0,79" / 20 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 3,15" / 80 mm, Aft 0,47" / 12 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 9.521 ihp / 7.102 Kw = 20,50 kts
   Range 3.400nm at 10,00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 470 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   227 - 296

Cost:
   £0,339 million / $1,356 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 75 tons, 2,1%
      - Guns: 70 tons, 2,0%
      - Weapons: 5 tons, 0,1%
   Armour: 650 tons, 18,5%
      - Belts: 296 tons, 8,4%
      - Armament: 34 tons, 1,0%
      - Armour Deck: 302 tons, 8,6%
      - Conning Towers: 18 tons, 0,5%
   Machinery: 1.464 tons, 41,7%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 960 tons, 27,4%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 354 tons, 10,1%
   Miscellaneous weights: 7 tons, 0,2%
      - Hull below water: 7 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     2.014 lbs / 914 Kg = 57,0 x 4,1 " / 105 mm shells or 1,4 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,43
   Metacentric height 2,3 ft / 0,7 m
   Roll period: 11,0 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 73 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,27
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,62

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0,517 / 0,524
   Length to Beam Ratio: 8,53 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 18,48 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 45
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -40,00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3,28 ft / -1,00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20,00%,  16,40 ft / 5,00 m,  13,78 ft / 4,20 m
      - Forward deck:   20,00%,  13,78 ft / 4,20 m,  12,93 ft / 3,94 m
      - Aft deck:   45,00%,  12,93 ft / 3,94 m,  12,93 ft / 3,94 m
      - Quarter deck:   15,00%,  12,93 ft / 3,94 m,  12,93 ft / 3,94 m
      - Average freeboard:      13,39 ft / 4,08 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 143,6%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 101,4%
   Waterplane Area: 9.251 Square feet or 859 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 90%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 63 lbs/sq ft or 308 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0,94
      - Longitudinal: 1,86
      - Overall: 1,00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

7 t misc weight
   5 t - 2 45cm Torpedo tubes and 6 reloads
--> 3155 t light