Old Ship Design: CSS Tennessee (1876)

[Guinness]

CSS Tennessee, CSA Turret Battleship laid down 1876

Displacement:
   5,500 t light; 5,796 t standard; 6,035 t normal; 6,226 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
   295.00 ft / 295.00 ft x 60.00 ft x 17.55 ft (normal load)
   89.92 m / 89.92 m x 18.29 m  x 5.35 m

Armament:
      4 - 11.00" / 279 mm guns (2x2 guns), 525.00lbs / 238.14kg shells, 1876 Model
     Muzzle loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turrets
     on centreline ends, evenly spread
   Weight of broadside 2,100 lbs / 953 kg
   Shells per gun, main battery: 150

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   8.00" / 203 mm   295.00 ft / 89.92 m   12.00 ft / 3.66 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
     Main Belt covers 154 % of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   8.00" / 203 mm   8.00" / 203 mm            -

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 3,400 ihp / 2,536 Kw = 13.33 kts
   Range 3,500nm at 6.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 430 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   342 - 445

Cost:
   £0.518 million / $2.071 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 263 tons, 4.4 %
   Armour: 2,208 tons, 36.6 %
      - Belts: 1,048 tons, 17.4 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Armament: 316 tons, 5.2 %
      - Armour Deck: 773 tons, 12.8 %
      - Conning Tower: 71 tons, 1.2 %
   Machinery: 746 tons, 12.4 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,083 tons, 34.5 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 535 tons, 8.9 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 200 tons, 3.3 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     4,216 lbs / 1,912 Kg = 8.0 x 11.0 " / 279 mm shells or 1.2 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.07
   Metacentric height 2.7 ft / 0.8 m
   Roll period: 15.5 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.17
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 0.81

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has raised forecastle
   Block coefficient: 0.680
   Length to Beam Ratio: 4.92 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 17.18 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 74
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
      - Stem:      8.00 ft / 2.44 m
      - Forecastle (15 %):   8.00 ft / 2.44 m (5.00 ft / 1.52 m aft of break)
      - Mid (50 %):      5.00 ft / 1.52 m
      - Quarterdeck (15 %):   5.00 ft / 1.52 m
      - Stern:      5.00 ft / 1.52 m
      - Average freeboard:   5.45 ft / 1.66 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77.8 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 38.8 %
   Waterplane Area: 13,934 Square feet or 1,295 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 101 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 123 lbs/sq ft or 600 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.98
      - Longitudinal: 1.18
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
   Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather