May as well post something now that I'm done with war sims for a couple days.
So...first up, the mid-life modernization of the Triunfante class battleships. They will receive new machinery and bunkerage, new deck armor, and new miscellaneous weight (FC and such). The superstructure is being revised somewhat to improve spacing for fire control, additional personnel, and so forth. A general refurbishment is included.
Part of this comes at the expense of the secondary battery, trimmed to fourteen guns. It's thought by the Colombians that larger, longer-ranged torpedoes make a heavy secondary less critical because they'll have a small engagement envelope against would-be torpedoers. The emphasis for defence will shift more strongly to cruiser escorts.
I'm also revised the hull shape just because I don't care for the one I had before. The actual ship's dimensions do not change - it just looks more consistent with later Colombian hulls.
Costs: Refurbishment
-Machinery 1.339 BP / $2.68
-Bunkerage 0 BP / $0.98
-Misc. Weight 0.300 BP / $.30
-Deck 2.221 BP / $2.22
-20% Refurb 0 BP / $4.54
Total cost 5.814 BP, $10.72, eleven months
Enter ship name, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1920
Displacement:
23,004 t light; 24,199 t standard; 25,284 t normal; 26,153 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
560.01 ft / 557.74 ft x 95.14 ft x 25.66 ft (normal load)
170.69 m / 170.00 m x 29.00 m x 7.82 m
Armament:
4 - 12.01" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 865.70lbs / 392.68kg shells, 1920 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
8 - 12.01" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 865.70lbs / 392.68kg shells, 1920 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all aft, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
14 - 5.51" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.72lbs / 37.98kg shells, 1920 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all forward
14 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
4 - 2.56" / 65.0 mm guns in single mounts, 8.38lbs / 3.80kg shells, 1920 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
4 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns in single mounts, 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1920 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 11,600 lbs / 5,262 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.6" / 320 mm 396.98 ft / 121.00 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: 3.94" / 100 mm 160.76 ft / 49.00 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Upper: 5.91" / 150 mm 396.98 ft / 121.00 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 110 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.57" / 40 mm 396.98 ft / 121.00 m 24.31 ft / 7.41 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.6" / 320 mm 7.87" / 200 mm 12.6" / 320 mm
2nd: 12.6" / 320 mm 7.87" / 200 mm 12.6" / 320 mm
3rd: 5.91" / 150 mm - -
4th: 0.98" / 25 mm - -
5th: 0.98" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 2.95" / 75 mm, Conning tower: 12.60" / 320 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 40,000 shp / 29,840 Kw = 22.06 kts
Range 10,000nm at 10.00 kts (Bunkerage = 1,954 tons)
Complement:
1,002 - 1,303
Cost:
£5.245 million / $20.979 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,450 tons, 5.7 %
Armour: 10,000 tons, 39.6 %
- Belts: 3,699 tons, 14.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 562 tons, 2.2 %
- Armament: 3,285 tons, 13.0 %
- Armour Deck: 2,221 tons, 8.8 %
- Conning Tower: 234 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 1,399 tons, 5.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,664 tons, 38.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,280 tons, 9.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 491 tons, 1.9 %
250 FC
25 Wirless
25 Flag
191 Reserve
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
30,732 lbs / 13,940 Kg = 35.5 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 5.8 ft / 1.8 m
Roll period: 16.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.52
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.26
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.650
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.86 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.62 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 40
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25.92 ft / 7.90 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 22.97 ft / 7.00 m
- Mid (50 %): 22.97 ft / 7.00 m (15.09 ft / 4.60 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 15.09 ft / 4.60 m
- Stern: 15.09 ft / 4.60 m
- Average freeboard: 19.27 ft / 5.87 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 80.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 144.7 %
Waterplane Area: 40,652 Square feet or 3,777 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 179 lbs/sq ft or 874 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.94
- Longitudinal: 1.63
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Upper pic as built; lower as refurbished.
When it purchased the Congo from the Dutch, Gran Colombia also picked up the ten Dutch gunboats based on the Congo rivershed (for extra cash, since the frugal Dutch were quite prepared to dismantle them and transport them elsewhere otherwise). What the Colombians did not find was any kind of supporting infrastructure for those gunboats.
With a river port now built at Villa Leopold (~Kinshasa) and two small drydocks installed there, the gunboats have a good base of operations; however, there will be times when they need to work for extended periods a long ways away from Villa Leopold.
Building other river ports is an option, but not one to be pursued immediately. Rather, the Colombians will build a small number of riverine depot ships to support up to four of the ex-Dutch gunboats. They will be coal-fired and use easily repaired VTE engines.
Enter ship name, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1920
Displacement:
824 t light; 847 t standard; 1,086 t normal; 1,277 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
226.38 ft / 226.38 ft x 39.37 ft x 6.56 ft (normal load)
69.00 m / 69.00 m x 12.00 m x 2.00 m
Armament:
1 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns in single mounts, 13.50lbs / 6.12kg shells, 1920 Model
Breech loading gun in deck mount
on centreline aft
3 - 0.31" / 8.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.02lbs / 0.01kg shells, 1920 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 14 lbs / 6 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm - -
2nd: 0.39" / 10 mm - -
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 750 ihp / 560 Kw = 11.80 kts
Range 8,000nm at 10.00 kts (Bunkerage = 430 tons)
Complement:
93 - 122
Cost:
£0.088 million / $0.350 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2 tons, 0.2 %
Armour: 2 tons, 0.1 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 2 tons, 0.1 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 48 tons, 4.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 400 tons, 36.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 262 tons, 24.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 373 tons, 34.3 %
-250 t: Accommodation for 125 personnel
-50 t: Stores and ammunition
-30 t: Crew amenities
-25 t: Long-range wireless
-15 t: Command facilities
-3 t: Weight reserve
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
3,904 lbs / 1,771 Kg = 289.2 x 3.0 " / 76 mm shells or 1.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.31
Metacentric height 2.0 ft / 0.6 m
Roll period: 11.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.01
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.87
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, rise aft of midbreak, low quarterdeck
Block coefficient: 0.650
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.75 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 15.05 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 35 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 38
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 9.84 ft / 3.00 m (9.19 ft / 2.80 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 9.19 ft / 2.80 m (17.06 ft / 5.20 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 9.19 ft / 2.80 m (17.06 ft / 5.20 m before break)
- Stern: 9.19 ft / 2.80 m
- Average freeboard: 12.07 ft / 3.68 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 54.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 187.7 %
Waterplane Area: 6,828 Square feet or 634 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 224 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 43 lbs/sq ft or 212 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.12
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Usefull for housing and supporting small garrisons too, I should think.
Possibly, but I'm contemplating a small run of landing craft similar to the Condor class, currently operated on the Amazon, for that purpose.
http://www.navalism.org/index.php?topic=52.msg17763#msg17763
For river use, why not a stern-wheeler? Easy to repair, doesn't bother about sandbars and stuff.
They haven't used any previously, I'm not sure how they'd be simmed, and I understand the paddlewheel to be quite vulnerable to enemy fire.
Stern-wheel, it's just storywise.
And vurnable. As if something heavy enough to damage the wheel enough in a short time ain't a danger to the whole ship?
Quote from: maddox on July 04, 2010, 07:07:13 AM
Stern-wheel, it's just storywise.
And vurnable. As if something heavy enough to damage the wheel enough in a short time ain't a danger to the whole ship?
Log and sandbar will ding a screw and reduce its thrust I think. Those objects will definitely destroy a paddle wheel completely.
Grounding a paddle wheel could be exiting!
Note to self: add shallow-draft river tugs to building plan.
So called tunnel sterns have been the answer in the recent past. I don't know about 1920 though.
The advantage of paddle wheels is the need only inches of water when designed for river use. Grounding one would be bad, but they can often be repaired quickly by ship's crew.
All that said sufficiently shallow screws ought to be fine.
*wishes I had a navigable river*....
goes back to contimplating the benefits of Hydro Electirc power
Looking around draft may be too deep. Here's an example of a Mississippi boat:
(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/RiverSternWheelerRedBluffModel.jpg)
Note the draft is quite shallow. The hull would have a very high BC.
Quote... Miscellaneous weights: 373 tons, 34.3 %
-250 t: Accommodation for 125 personnel
-50 t: Stores and ammunition
-30 t: Crew amenities
-25 t: Long-range wireless
-15 t: Command facilities
-3 t: Weight reserve
...
Very good choices, useful to work alone in the jungle.
You could built this exellent class.
Jef
Looks like the Romanian Reports had some small effect....
Quote from: damocles on July 04, 2010, 07:44:03 AM
Quote from: maddox on July 04, 2010, 07:07:13 AM
Stern-wheel, it's just storywise.
And vurnable. As if something heavy enough to damage the wheel enough in a short time ain't a danger to the whole ship?
Log and sandbar will ding a screw and reduce its thrust I think. Those objects will definitely destroy a paddle wheel completely.
Grounding a paddle wheel could be exiting!
Grounding a paddle wheel is NOT exciting. Grounding a screw boat is exciting... they are almost impossible to get off. A paddlewheel has only about 50% of the draft of a modern river towboat and isn't too much heavier in the long run, so they would be very improbable to ground out on a river with as nice a channel as the Amazon.
A sternwheeler is a nice idea- but a sidewheeler would be the ideal- draft is just as shallow, but it is FAR more maneuverable. A sidewheeler can literally pivot within it's own length.
Did anyone ever build a stern and Side wheeler combination.... lots of propulsion redundancy and can still turn on a quarter and give a dime and a nickle in change.
Quote from: ctwaterman on July 05, 2010, 09:23:32 PM
Did anyone ever build a stern and Side wheeler combination.... lots of propulsion redundancy and can still turn on a quarter and give a dime and a nickle in change.
That would have to be a really long or wide ship. These things used Single and double expansion engines, usually in a horizontal set up that ate up huge amounts of room. With their shallow draft most of this space came from the main deck. If you put 2 types of wheels on you're putting two sets of engines on, that takes a lot of room.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18654864/
That is a test case of what I meant. It was in deep water where there should not have been any danger of grounding, hull breach and flooding. The ship was in some danger of founder at the time, but good damage control averted a major flood casualty and possible loss of vessel and produced instead a Human interest story.
So you are correct. It was not that exciting at all.
Reflecting further - Guinness probably has a point about the draught. Probably. Finding info on Congo river depths or historical boat draughts is only marginally less difficult than locating needles in haystacks.
I'll tinker with the dimensions some and see what I get.
Quote from: The Rock Doctor on July 08, 2010, 07:10:36 PM
Reflecting further - Guinness probably has a point about the draught. Probably. Finding info on Congo river depths or historical boat draughts is only marginally less difficult than locating needles in haystacks.
I'll tinker with the dimensions some and see what I get.
Forget the draft of the boats.
It'd be much easier to find the depth of the locks that they traveled through. ;)
For instance, the current locks along the Tombigbee River (the one I know the most about) are designed to give a guaranteed minimum of 9' of depth. This covers most any barge that will park in them (as most of the tows I know of won't get much more than about 5-6' in draft). IIRC, most of the old locks that the modern ones replaced had a guaranteed depth of about 6'.
So, judging by that the boats and barges cruising them probably didn't draw more than about 2-3' of water... pretty much on par with the scale model that Guinness posted. Too bad my maternal Grandfather is no longer with us. Pa cruised the Tombigbee for over 20 years (on and off) on tugs using both sets of locks. He'd likely be able to give me depths of the channel for most places to within a foot, including seasonal variations.
And Damocles- that monstrosity isn't a real sternwheeler- she's really a Z-pod cruiseliner with a paddle wheel for looks. Yeah, it functions... but she's not really one of the bustled old ladies that provided such good service along the rivers of North America.
Quote from: The Rock Doctor on July 08, 2010, 07:10:36 PM
Reflecting further - Guinness probably has a point about the draught. Probably. Finding info on Congo river depths or historical boat draughts is only marginally less difficult than locating needles in haystacks.
I'll tinker with the dimensions some and see what I get.
Actualy, a buddy of me has a Kongo River patrol boat of 20 tons. Build in 1958, never got shipped due the Zaïre "independence", and was sold to the public in 1989.
Draught, as it was ment for the Kongo river, but also for brown water movement, is fairly steep at 75 cm. (2' 5.5").
Freeboard is about 1.75' at full load.
The prop is in a kind of protective half tunnel, about 3' inboard with 2 channels in the bottom guiding water to it. Keel is deeper than the screw diameter, what is actualy tiny.
The Colombians have decided to rationalize their capital ship projects to avoid excessive need for larger slipways and to avoid the binge/famine cycle that "bunching" of capital ship projects creates for construction of smaller warships. Starting in 1920, the Colombians will lay down one capital ship per year, and modernize one existing capital shp per year as well (starting with Triunfante, at the top of this thread).
The 1920 capital ship is a modified - and from the Colombian perspective, improved - Arquero class armored cruiser. The Ironside and her 1921 sister, Roundhead, will feature a heavier battery, heavier deck armor, improved armor coverage, and provision for a blimp aft. She will also carry the heaviest anti-aircraft battery of any Colombian ship to date.
Enter ship name, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1920
Displacement:
20,710 t light; 21,619 t standard; 23,668 t normal; 25,307 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
721.24 ft / 716.21 ft x 80.71 ft x 27.56 ft (normal load)
219.83 m / 218.30 m x 24.60 m x 8.40 m
Armament:
8 - 10.83" / 275 mm guns (4x2 guns), 661.39lbs / 300.00kg shells, 1920 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 5.51" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.72lbs / 37.97kg shells, 1920 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all forward
4 - 2.56" / 65.0 mm guns in single mounts, 8.38lbs / 3.80kg shells, 1920 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
4 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns in single mounts, 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1920 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 6,335 lbs / 2,874 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 7.87" / 200 mm 465.55 ft / 141.90 m 16.01 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: 2.95" / 75 mm 250.66 ft / 76.40 m 11.48 ft / 3.50 m
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.84" / 250 mm 3.94" / 100 mm 7.87" / 200 mm
2nd: 1.97" / 50 mm 0.98" / 25 mm 2.95" / 75 mm
4th: 0.39" / 10 mm - -
5th: 0.39" / 10 mm - -
- Armour deck: 2.56" / 65 mm, Conning tower: 9.84" / 250 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 122,000 shp / 91,012 Kw = 31.12 kts
Range 20,000nm at 10.00 kts (Bunkerage = 3,689 tons)
Complement:
953 - 1,240
Cost:
£4.644 million / $18.576 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 765 tons, 3.2 %
Armour: 6,228 tons, 26.3 %
- Belts: 2,786 tons, 11.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 1,411 tons, 6.0 %
- Armour Deck: 1,857 tons, 7.8 %
- Conning Tower: 175 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 4,266 tons, 18.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,841 tons, 37.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,958 tons, 12.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 609 tons, 2.6 %
-250 t: Mk2 Fire Control
-250 t: Blimp facilities
-25 t: Long-range wireless
-25 t: Flag facilities
-59 t: Weight reserve
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
28,735 lbs / 13,034 Kg = 45.3 x 10.8 " / 275 mm shells or 2.7 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.07
Metacentric height 4.2 ft / 1.3 m
Roll period: 16.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.65
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.13
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.520
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.87 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.76 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 53
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 10.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.54 ft / 8.70 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 23.62 ft / 7.20 m
- Mid (70 %): 23.62 ft / 7.20 m (15.75 ft / 4.80 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 15.75 ft / 4.80 m
- Stern: 15.75 ft / 4.80 m
- Average freeboard: 21.65 ft / 6.60 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 86.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 171.0 %
Waterplane Area: 39,228 Square feet or 3,644 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 148 lbs/sq ft or 722 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.27
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Oddly attractive in some way. However, if you used the EVIL quads you could shorten the for deck and move the superstructure forward allowing more room for your blimp and move the funnels farther from it so you have less interference w/ funnel gases effecting the blimp.
I like that ship...
I like quads, I think they are pretty >.>
Besides, using Quads would allow the armored citadel to be shortened and give better firing arcs as well as saving weight.
Quote from: Sachmle on July 15, 2010, 07:59:27 PM
Oddly attractive in some way. However, if you used the EVIL quads you could shorten the for deck and move the superstructure forward allowing more room for your blimp and move the funnels farther from it so you have less interference w/ funnel gases effecting the blimp.
I don't actually have evil quadruple 275's. If I did - I'd probably need a wider hull, with more machinery needed.
Funnel gases will be a problem for the blimp, but this may not become apparently soon enough. I reckon the Colombians will eventually opt to re-jig the aft deck to provide for floatplane facilities rather than a blimp. For now, though, they're continuing along a design path that began with those all-forward battleship designs I posted a while back.
Well there where some paddlewheel turreted ironclads during the American Civil War such as USS Osage. Shallow draft, but armored box for the paddlewheel and a turret up front with a small structure between them (wooden).
Quote...the Colombians will lay down one capital ship per year, and modernize one existing capital shp per year as well.
..
I like ;)
Stability - 1.07 - is not tiptop on your 20710t AC...
Jef
Super-Tone.
LOL... and I was just finishing up my mini-Tone. ;)
Ha! Colombian Tone >>> Confederate Tone.
Yes, stability is not 1.10, but I think it will do.
Quote from: The Rock Doctor on July 16, 2010, 05:14:55 PM
Ha! Colombian Tone >>> Confederate Tone.
Yes, stability is not 1.10, but I think it will do.
Durn skippy... mine has 5.5" guns. ;)
Ahoj!
If everything else fails, find data for the Amazonas River and divide by 2.
However, the Amzonas does not have all those nasty rapids.
Heh - I was amused when I discovered that during the high water season it is possible to get a pre-dreadnaught to Iquitos :)
Borys
I ran protected cruisers up to Manaus while the place was still technically French...