Parthian Ships 1928 +

[Kaiser Kirk]

This should be the last of my battleship spam.

I decided to explore the other way of Jefgte's range

The result is better than expected.


I decided to see how fast I could manage and still
get the armor and range and mininum armanent I wanted.

This would be a 28 knot vessel, a 2 knot upgrade over the Stormbringer
To fix seakeeping, freeboard (target area) had to expand,
and the belt expand to cover decks. The belt has to a bit thinner, but still 20mm more
than Roman / Byzantine.

Armament is 8 x 390, a bit on the low side for me, and concentrated on a pair of 4-gun turrets.
These are more heavily armored to keep from loosing 50% to one shot.
But I really dislike this on a ship this size and value. 
It's one thing on an AC...

Ultimately, 28 knots is faster...but is it enough to make a difference??
If I could have gotten to 29 or 30 with this set up, maybe.
But I am unsure what you can chase down at 28 knots that you can't at 26..

28 means you can reliably catch 26 and below.
26 means you can reliably catch 24 and below
I don't think there are many ships right between those. Iberian DNs come to mind.

The other hand is now you need a 30 knot ship to reliably catch me,
but these designs are meant to be mean & tough enough that those that CAN catch my ships
are likely to regret it.

I know there are a fair number of vessels at 28...so I can maybe keep up at max speed and lob shells at them.
I've been expanding my magazines to allow lots of low probability shots and still allow a decent HE loadout.

I suppose I can research speeds a bit better. But ..time...

Wirozag , Parthian Battleship laid down 1928

Displacement:
   38,000 t light; 40,448 t standard; 43,568 t normal; 46,063 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (624.37 ft / 616.80 ft) x 111.55 ft (Bulges 121.39 ft) x (31.33 / 32.99 ft)
   (190.31 m / 188.00 m) x 34.00 m (Bulges 37.00 m)  x (9.55 / 10.06 m)

Armament:
      8 - 15.35" / 390 mm 46.0 cal guns - 1,915.82lbs / 869.00kg shells, 153 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1928 Model
     2 x 4-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      16 - 5.12" / 130 mm 50.0 cal guns - 70.55lbs / 32.00kg shells, 220 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      16 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 54.0 cal guns - 24.25lbs / 11.00kg shells, 500 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     6 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 raised mounts
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 800 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 2-gun mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 double raised mounts
      16 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 0.11lbs / 0.05kg shells, 5,000 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 16,898 lbs / 7,665 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   14.2" / 360 mm   400.92 ft / 122.20 m   16.50 ft / 5.03 m
   Ends:   1.57" / 40 mm   215.85 ft / 65.79 m   16.50 ft / 5.03 m
     Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
     Main Belt inclined -15.00 degrees (positive = in)

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
      2.24" / 57 mm   400.92 ft / 122.20 m   38.29 ft / 11.67 m
   Beam between torpedo bulkheads 78.74 ft / 24.00 m

   - Hull Bulges:
      0.35" / 9 mm   398.95 ft / 121.60 m   23.13 ft / 7.05 m

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   17.7" / 450 mm   8.27" / 210 mm      15.0" / 380 mm
   2nd:   1.97" / 50 mm   1.38" / 35 mm      1.57" / 40 mm
   3rd:   0.98" / 25 mm   0.98" / 25 mm      0.98" / 25 mm
   4th:   0.31" / 8 mm         -               -
   5th:   0.12" / 3 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 5.77" / 147 mm
   Forecastle: 1.57" / 40 mm  Quarter deck: 5.51" / 140 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 14.96" / 380 mm, Aft 1.57" / 40 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Geared drive, 4 shafts, 143,820 shp / 107,289 Kw = 28.00 kts
   Range 8,000nm at 16.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 5,615 tons

Complement:
   1,507 - 1,960

Cost:
   £13.562 million / $54.249 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 3,557 tons, 8.2 %
      - Guns: 3,557 tons, 8.2 %
   Armour: 14,459 tons, 33.2 %
      - Belts: 4,432 tons, 10.2 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,275 tons, 2.9 %
      - Bulges: 121 tons, 0.3 %
      - Armament: 2,851 tons, 6.5 %
      - Armour Deck: 5,340 tons, 12.3 %
      - Conning Towers: 441 tons, 1.0 %
   Machinery: 4,478 tons, 10.3 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,144 tons, 32.5 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,568 tons, 12.8 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 1,362 tons, 3.1 %
      - Hull below water: 271 tons
      - Bulge void weights: 100 tons
      - Hull above water: 76 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 115 tons
      - Above deck: 800 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     68,691 lbs / 31,158 Kg = 38.0 x 15.4 " / 390 mm shells or 11.8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.23
   Metacentric height 8.5 ft / 2.6 m
   Roll period: 17.4 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.46
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.06

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
     a ram bow and a round stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.650 / 0.653
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.08 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 24.84 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 62 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 66
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 13.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   17.50 %,  32.81 ft / 10.00 m,  32.81 ft / 10.00 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  32.81 ft / 10.00 m,  32.81 ft / 10.00 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00 %,  24.61 ft / 7.50 m,  24.61 ft / 7.50 m
      - Quarter deck:   17.50 %,  24.61 ft / 7.50 m,  24.61 ft / 7.50 m
      - Average freeboard:      28.50 ft / 8.69 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.2 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 189.1 %
   Waterplane Area: 52,707 Square feet or 4,897 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 209 lbs/sq ft or 1,020 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.91
      - Longitudinal: 2.35
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Excellent accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform


Deck Guns
Deck guns are echloned outwards, like on Iowa,
allowing 4 to bear ahead (8 guns), or 4 on each side.
The dual 90m AA are above them.

Main Belt Armor 
This embraces "all or nothing", but only has 1 deck level unprotected aft and 2 forward.
The main armor deck caps the belt at 2.5m.

Outsloped Wedge shaped Belt
Three steps

Step 1
In the XVII version, the lower portion of the belt tapers.
The upper 3.0m is a uniform 360mm, extending 0.5m below WL.
the lower 2.0m tapers from 360mm down to 310mm.

Mathwise that means there are 3 sections.
               |         | 
               | A      |  A ) Upper, 3000mm (3.0m) x 360mm
            B  \  | C  |   
                  \|     |  C) Lower back , 2000 (2.0m) x 310mm
B) Wedge 1/2B x H :
H = 2.0m = 2000
B = 360-310 = 50

A) = 1,080,000
B) = 50,000
C) = 620,000

SubTotal : 1,750,000 for 5m high tapered belt
Modeled as average 360mm thickness = /360
Total :  4861.11= 4.86m
 

Belt is outsloped by 15%.
Step 2 Outsloping
Overall it is 4m high. which is "A" or adjacent
COS 15 = A/H
H* Cos 15 = A
H = A/Cos 15

So 4.86/ Cos(15) = 5.0314

Which gives 5.03 as the height.

Deck Armor
Deck Armored is modeled as two parts
A 40/140/140 main armored deck : 5134 tons
and a 75mm box around the magazines : 205 tons
Which is a total of 5339 tons

To model that, the deck thickness is shown as
40 / 146.6 /140
Which weighs  5340 tons

Total Magazine Vertical : 135+(50/2) = 160mm
Which means vertical is a 135mm deck with a 50mm splinter box over the magazines. Realistically anything penetrating 135mm is unlikely to detonate fully, so the 50mm is expected to stop flash and chunks.


TDS
Raised to the underside of the Armor deck at 2.5m above waterline.

This means it can serve as a splinter barrier behind the belt


TDS :  Bulge ||9mm mild hull||, 1m liquid ||9mm mild||, 1m void ||9mm armor||, 1m liquid || armored (2x19=38mm)||,1.5m  Dam control/ flooding ||(9mm mild)||
Depth : 1.5m exterior, 3m interior to main bulkhead, 1.5m to second bulkhead. Total :6m, 57mm STS steel

100t Reserve Wt

356t Fire Control
25t  LR Radio
0t  SR Radio
0t  SR Air Command Radio
25t  Searchlight Tower (NF)
25t  Hulesmeyer device station keeping

OD
5t Paravanes
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
50t : Provision for 2 Scout (or Fighter) floatplanes
10t AC Hanger


HAW
38t Additional fire suppresion
38t CO2 Air conditioning

HBW
10+2t Aux Diesel + 2t fuel
38t   Extra pumps
188t torpedo nets
15t   Enhanced Hydrophones
10t  1t doublewall tank, 6t AVGas, 3t Ftr weaposn
5t AV supplies Fire Ext.

Decks
+10.0 Forecastle Deck
+7.5 Weather Deck
+5.0  Battery Deck
+2.5 Armor Deck 140mm, on top of TDS
+0.0
          -2.5 bottom main belt , top of Bulge
-2.5  2nd Deck
-5.0  1st Deck
-8.5   Engineering
-9.17 Double Bottom

[Kaiser Kirk]

interestingly, if I slow the last down to 26knots and change it to 4T2...and reduce mount armor slightly,I can manage
a 26-knot with 1.2 seakeeping, while torpedo absorption goes up to 14. 
Part of that is recognizing that I overpaid the AD misc wt, and  so that saved nearly 400tons.

[Jefgte]

Wirozag , Parthian Battleship laid down 1928

Displacement:
   38,000 t light; 40,448 t standard; 43,568 t normal; 46,063 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (624.37 ft / 616.80 ft) x 111.55 ft (Bulges 121.39 ft) x (31.33 / 32.99 ft)
   (190.31 m / 188.00 m) x 34.00 m (Bulges 37.00 m)  x (9.55 / 10.06 m)

Armament:
      8 - 15.35" / 390 mm 46.0 cal guns - 1,915.82lbs / 869.00kg shells, 153 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1928 Model
     2 x 4-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread

Byzantium could order 2 ships but with 4T2x381/42
;D

[The Rock Doctor]

That's a capable design.  Surprised she needs that much freeboard, but she is a bit chonky, I suppose.

Note, if it factors in to your decision making process, that she'd not be able to transit the Trans-Eryka Canal (max. 35m beam).

[Kaiser Kirk]

I find it unlikely that Parthia would be building Battlewagons for Byzantine unless something fundamentally changes :)

Chunky...very much so.
I have a pair of 235m docks, but I have like 6 or 8 x 190m scattered both in Parthia and territories, so
the vessel is about the max dimensions I can do without needing to expand the docks. Which I'm a bit loathe to do,
but will be necessary in the future...already looking at it as an option for carriers, but don't want to commit yet, might be a 30s thing.

The Transerica canal actually doesn't figure into mobilization plans...not sure why not. I fully expect Parthian ships take advantage.
But conceptually, I see naval response starting in Parthia and traveling either down the African coast and to the Americas,
or down to Ceylon and then to the Straits of Malacca.

[The Rock Doctor]

I expected you'd have more, large docks, to be honest. 

[Kaiser Kirk]

I didn't think it reasonable in set up to purchase a whole bunch of long docks far in excess of anything I may want in 1910.
So I have the 235s, which I think started at 195, and I felt the 180m floating dock to be a little much, but you can't extend them, so I figured I'd start long.

Couple that with my decision to explore a 'american standard' style slow battleline, and there hasn't been a big need. Only now with these new series am I bumping the limits on these docks.

I've actually built/extended quite a lot of docks...hard to figure the extensions, but looks like 2,602m of .new docks in the territories
for $260.02, 26BP.  I haven't built anything over 190 in the territories, but overall it gives me network of docks for maintenance across my Empire.

Looking forward to the Imulhu/Asi class, I will need to expand eventually. When I do, it will be fairly simple to simply extend them all by 50m in one half year and so suddenly have a number of 240s.

[Kaiser Kirk]

So first a long blathering piece that concludes I should move up to the 390L46.
Then a couple more battlewagons.
I'll have to actually choose among the designs eventually.

Warning : Long blathering ahead.
Read or skip, up to you.

Considerations

The purpose of the preceding classes were to examine options to pair with the 26kt 10x365L45 Stormbringers. I really wish I had just built 4 at the time, but it was very time to build my 20 gun monsters....

The core of this is to provide a partner ship for the Stormbringer , and at first I just matched the 26knots.
When built, 26 knots put the ships faster than the Byzantine/Iberian/Japanese battlelines, and a touch slower than the various BCs, but they could beat them. While building, Wilno and Rome laid down some ships that would challenge the i]Stormbringer[/i]s, but I think the i]Stormbringer[/i] can win.

Now, the  Empress Amelia is a bit of a problem.
Big and fast, the guns are known but the exact armor and speed would be guesses.
The Parthians would guess a little less speed and a little more deck armor.
The 410L45 is a dangerous gun, but my ships are better armored.  Still, the guesses at immunity zones would probably come up with about the same. There may be narrow bands where one or the other side is vulnerable – guessing  Amelias at ~14-17km would have the upper hand, but I might have it over 21km.

The reality is, with ships moving about, it is very very very had to stay in a narrow band range, if you even know it at all. It works best if you can get the foe to chase you, and you're slightly faster. But then they can easily change that by slowing or turning, and letting the range open more.

Basically, counting on the enemy to stay in a couple thousand meter range...if you know the proper one...is dubious. Then there's the problem that IF you get a deck hit, AND penetrate...you still may not do anything critical. At range and speed, your hit percentage may be just a couple %, and you could empty your entire magazine for 16 hits. So....close to what the Brits called 'decisive range' where you may get belt penetrations...

For Belts, it's even harder, as if there is an angle, then penetration drops. That is even more of a problem when 'chasing' - you need a speed advantage to close, but if you come straight on, they can get shots bow on at near right angles. The Amelias Are fast enough they can close in Zig-zags and avoid that. Historically the forward/aft bulkheads were substantially thinner, more like turret sides, which made "down the throat" shots even more dangerous.  Now, the way Springsharp models main belts, there is a same-thickness forward bulkhead.

All of this led at least the Brits to expect that in many battles neither side would be penetrating, and so what would matter was the number of times you could slam your foe with shells weighing a ton and moving mach 1. These hits would degrade the foe and allow you to disengage, or close to an advantageous range. Number of hits becomes important there....aka number of barrels.... a concept my Parthian fleet *just might* be embracing.

HMS Warspite's hit on Giulio Cesare is a lovely example – 24,000m and it did not penetrate the armor deck, though it could have.  Rather it detonated in a funnel, and the blast knocked some boilers off line, reducing speed to 18knots without a penetrating hit. The notionally faster Italians disengaged, while the Italians sent in air attacks for the next 3 hours, using 125 aircraft, not harming the Brits.

Which gun ?
Also known as : What does all that blathering Mean ?

Well, the 10x365L50, 26knot ship with 380mm belt armor and 140mm decks would work.
I think it would have an excellent chance against the rather Amelia despite the latter's greater size.
But the area I might have an advantage would be narrow.

Which indicates I should probably transition to the 390L46. Roughly the same belt penetration, but an expectation of better deck penetration at range.

What Speed?
Speed is the most frail part of ships.  Sea state. Fouling. Age of Boilers. Fuel Quality. Holes in funnels, fires sending smoke into air intakes, splinter holes in the hull, major hole in the bow.

I haven't seen anything stating a speed limit with underwater damage, but reducing to under 20 knots to allow DC parties to work, and also to prevent inrushing water to collapse bulkheads seems fairly common. I have read that 20 knots was the highest practical speed to fire underwater torpedoes, or else things would start rupturing...so that seems consistent with post-damage speeds I've read of.

a 27knot ship could match speeds with a whole bunch of heavy ships...and many of them are armored such that as long as I can see them..I can put holes in them.

A 28knot ship then has a chance of slowly catching them. Forward firepower becomes more important then.

The 8x 390L46 , 28knot ship.... I don't like the 2T4 turrets. I feature them on ACs, but those are cheaper and I accept more risk with them. A turret malfunction or 'golden twinkie' that takes out 50% of the battery is less catastrophic.

I am NOT going to have the KGV 4/2 4 arrangement.
I rather like the 3(2)   (2)3,
I rather dislike the 4(2)   4
I was trying to avoid the 3TG3....but

A 10x390L46 26knot ship with decent armor is possible. The 4th Barbette costs a great deal.

I can also manage 9x 390L46 on a fully armored 27 knot ship. 
The extra knot means if an IJN BC wanders into visual range, I can match it's speed, so it probably can't get a way.  Is that worth the loss of a gun?  Plus the TG3 has a slightly lower ROF than either then TG2 or the true 4-gun TG4.

[Kaiser Kirk]

The 28knot 2T4 was already posted.
The 28th knot does not "buy" much. I may be able to very very slowly overtake a number of 27-27.5 ships.
In exchange it has the fewest guns, which are in just 2 turrets.

So 10x 390L46 , 26 knots followed by
a 9x 390L46, 27 knots

Stormbringer II O, Parthian Battleship laid down 1928

Displacement:
   38,001 t light; 40,527 t standard; 43,024 t normal; 45,022 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (623.61 ft / 616.80 ft) x 114.83 ft (Bulges 124.67 ft) x (31.33 / 32.65 ft)
   (190.08 m / 188.00 m) x 35.00 m (Bulges 38.00 m)  x (9.55 / 9.95 m)

Armament:
      10 - 15.35" / 390 mm 46.0 cal guns - 1,915.82lbs / 869.00kg shells, 134 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1928 Model
     2 x 3-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      16 - 5.12" / 130 mm 50.0 cal guns - 70.55lbs / 32.00kg shells, 230 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      10 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 24.25lbs / 11.00kg shells, 500 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 raised mounts
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 800 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 2-gun mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 double raised mounts
      16 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 0.11lbs / 0.05kg shells, 5,000 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 20,584 lbs / 9,337 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   13.8" / 350 mm   400.92 ft / 122.20 m   15.42 ft / 4.70 m
   Ends:   1.57" / 40 mm   215.85 ft / 65.79 m   15.42 ft / 4.70 m
     Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
     Main Belt inclined -12.00 degrees (positive = in)

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
      2.24" / 57 mm   400.92 ft / 122.20 m   34.94 ft / 10.65 m
   Beam between torpedo bulkheads 78.74 ft / 24.00 m

   - Hull Bulges:
      0.35" / 9 mm   400.92 ft / 122.20 m   19.85 ft / 6.05 m

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   17.1" / 435 mm   7.09" / 180 mm      13.0" / 330 mm
   2nd:   1.97" / 50 mm   1.38" / 35 mm      1.57" / 40 mm
   3rd:   0.59" / 15 mm   0.31" / 8 mm      0.31" / 8 mm
   4th:   0.31" / 8 mm         -               -
   5th:   0.31" / 8 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 5.25" / 133 mm
   Forecastle: 1.57" / 40 mm  Quarter deck: 5.12" / 130 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 16.54" / 420 mm, Aft 1.57" / 40 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Geared drive, 4 shafts, 104,439 shp / 77,912 Kw = 26.00 kts
   Range 8,836nm at 14.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 4,494 tons

Complement:
   1,493 - 1,941

Cost:
   £14.191 million / $56.763 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 4,268 tons, 9.9 %
      - Guns: 4,268 tons, 9.9 %
   Armour: 14,864 tons, 34.5 %
      - Belts: 4,030 tons, 9.4 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,163 tons, 2.7 %
      - Bulges: 104 tons, 0.2 %
      - Armament: 4,233 tons, 9.8 %
      - Armour Deck: 4,855 tons, 11.3 %
      - Conning Towers: 479 tons, 1.1 %
   Machinery: 3,252 tons, 7.6 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,560 tons, 33.8 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,024 tons, 11.7 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 1,056 tons, 2.5 %
      - Hull below water: 241 tons
      - Bulge void weights: 150 tons
      - Hull above water: 76 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 70 tons
      - Above deck: 519 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     62,937 lbs / 28,548 Kg = 34.8 x 15.4 " / 390 mm shells or 11.6 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
   Metacentric height 7.8 ft / 2.4 m
   Roll period: 18.7 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.54
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.05

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
     a ram bow and a round stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.625 / 0.628
   Length to Beam Ratio: 4.95 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 24.84 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 67
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 13.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  29.53 ft / 9.00 m,  29.53 ft / 9.00 m
      - Forward deck:   25.00 %,  29.53 ft / 9.00 m,  29.53 ft / 9.00 m
      - Aft deck:   40.00 %,  21.33 ft / 6.50 m,  21.33 ft / 6.50 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  21.33 ft / 6.50 m,  22.31 ft / 6.80 m
      - Average freeboard:      25.09 ft / 7.65 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.5 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 165.6 %
   Waterplane Area: 53,021 Square feet or 4,926 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 225 lbs/sq ft or 1,096 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.92
      - Longitudinal: 1.96
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Excellent accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

Meant to operate with the Stormbringer vessels, or stand in line of battle, it is given heavy armor and sufficient speed to exceed the Byzantine line, and many battlewagons.

The high cruise speed and good range at that speed is meant to allow operations backing the cruiser screen.

Tonnage is kept at 38000 tons to allow a reasonable building time, and to keep tonnage in reason.

This does mean that the number of barrels is restricted to a paltry 12,

The reality of the newest Roman vessels combination of full dreadnaught ability with cruiser speed has not been understood at the time it is laid down.

Deck Guns
Deck guns are echloned outwards, like on Iowa,
allowing 4 to bear ahead (8 guns), or 4 on each side.
The  90m AA are above them.

Main Belt Armor 
This embraces "all or nothing", but only has 1 deck level unprotected aft and 2 forward.
The main armor deck caps the belt at 1.5m.

Outsloped Wedge shaped Belt
Belt
1) Figure adjusted height for wedge
2) figure  additional belt height for outsloping


Step 1
The bet covers from 2m to -3m.
The lower portion of the belt tapers.
The upper 2.5m is a uniform 350mm, extending 0.5m below WL.
the lower 2.5m tapers from 350mm down to 230mm.
The bulge extends from the lower edge of the belt to the keel.
The TDS rises behind the belt and seals to the armor deck, adding
57mm behind it.

Mathwise that means there are 3 sections.
               |        | 
               |        |  A ) Upper, 2500mm (2.5m) x 380mm
                \  |    |   
                  \|    |  C) Lower back , 2500 (2.5m) x 230mm
B) Wedge 1/2B x H :
B = 2.5m = 2500
H = 380-230 = 160

A) = 950,000
B) = 200,000
C) = 575,000

SubTotal : 1,725,000
Modeled as average 380mm thickness = /380
Total : 4539.4736= 4.54m
 

Belt is  outsloped by 15%.
Step 2 Outsloping
Overall it is 4.54m high. which is "A" or adjacent

COS 15 = A/H
H* Cos 15 = A
H = A/Cos 15

Which gives 4.70015 or 4.70 as the height.


Deck Armor
Deck Armored is modeled as two parts
A 35/135/135 main armored deck : 4979 tons
and a 35mm box around the magazines : 104 tons
TOTAL : 5083

To model that, the deck thickness is shown as
35/ 138.7 /135
Which weighs 5085t

Which means vertical is a 140mm deck with a 50mm splinter box over the magazines.

Like most 'all or nothing' the Forecastle and Quarterdeck sections
are set up as protective decks.

TDS
Raised to the underside of the Armor deck at 1.5m above waterline. Serves as internal splinter belt.

TDS : 
9mm mild hull || 1.5m Bulge ||9mm mild hull||
1.5m liquid ||9mm mild||, 1m void ||9mm mild||, 1.5m liquid || armored (2x19=38mm)||,1.5m  Dam control/ flooding ||( 19mm Armored )||

Depth : 1.5m exterior, 4m interior to main bulkhead, 1.5m to second bulkhead. Total :7m, 57mm STS steel


150t Reserve Wt

AD
429t  Fire Control
25t    LR Radio
25t    Searchlight Tower (NF)
25t    Hulesmeyer prox detector
10t    SR Radio for AC
0t SR Radio


5t : Paravanes
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
10t : Hanger
5t : Fire Ext for hanger.

HAW
38t Additional fire suppresion
38t CO2 Air conditioning

HBW
38t   Extra pumps
188t torpedo nets
10t : (1+9) 1t double wall tanks 9t AVGAS+Aviation supplies
5t : Fire ext for Avgas.


Decks
+6.5   Weather Deck
+4.00  Battery Deck
+1.5 Armor Deck 135mm , top of TDS.
-1.0   3rd Deck
          -2.5 bottom main belt 
-3.5  2nd Deck
-8.0   Engineering
-9.16 Double Bottom

Wirozag , Parthian Battleship laid down 1928

Displacement:
   38,000 t light; 40,597 t standard; 42,897 t normal; 44,737 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (623.36 ft / 616.80 ft) x 111.55 ft (Bulges 121.39 ft) x (31.33 / 32.57 ft)
   (190.00 m / 188.00 m) x 34.00 m (Bulges 37.00 m)  x (9.55 / 9.93 m)

Armament:
      9 - 15.35" / 390 mm 46.0 cal guns - 1,915.82lbs / 869.00kg shells, 153 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1928 Model
     3 x 3-gun mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
      1 raised mount - superfiring
      16 - 5.12" / 130 mm 50.0 cal guns - 70.55lbs / 32.00kg shells, 220 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      16 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 54.0 cal guns - 24.25lbs / 11.00kg shells, 500 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     6 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 raised mounts
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 800 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 2-gun mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 double raised mounts
      16 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 0.11lbs / 0.05kg shells, 5,000 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 18,814 lbs / 8,534 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   13.8" / 350 mm   413.25 ft / 125.96 m   16.50 ft / 5.03 m
   Ends:   1.57" / 40 mm   203.51 ft / 62.03 m   16.50 ft / 5.03 m
     Main Belt covers 103 % of normal length
     Main Belt inclined -15.00 degrees (positive = in)

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
      2.24" / 57 mm   413.25 ft / 125.96 m   38.19 ft / 11.64 m
   Beam between torpedo bulkheads 75.46 ft / 23.00 m

   - Hull Bulges:
      0.35" / 9 mm   414.04 ft / 126.20 m   23.13 ft / 7.05 m

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   17.1" / 435 mm   7.87" / 200 mm      13.8" / 350 mm
   2nd:   2.56" / 65 mm   1.57" / 40 mm      1.97" / 50 mm
   3rd:   0.98" / 25 mm   0.98" / 25 mm      0.98" / 25 mm
   4th:   0.31" / 8 mm         -               -
   5th:   0.12" / 3 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 5.39" / 137 mm
   Forecastle: 1.57" / 40 mm  Quarter deck: 5.12" / 130 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 17.13" / 435 mm, Aft 1.57" / 40 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Geared drive, 4 shafts, 121,901 shp / 90,938 Kw = 27.00 kts
   Range 8,084nm at 14.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 4,140 tons

Complement:
   1,489 - 1,937

Cost:
   £13.876 million / $55.505 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 3,941 tons, 9.2 %
      - Guns: 3,941 tons, 9.2 %
   Armour: 14,767 tons, 34.4 %
      - Belts: 4,382 tons, 10.2 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,310 tons, 3.1 %
      - Bulges: 126 tons, 0.3 %
      - Armament: 3,556 tons, 8.3 %
      - Armour Deck: 4,899 tons, 11.4 %
      - Conning Towers: 494 tons, 1.2 %
   Machinery: 3,795 tons, 8.8 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,310 tons, 33.4 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,898 tons, 11.4 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 1,187 tons, 2.8 %
      - Hull below water: 316 tons
      - Bulge void weights: 100 tons
      - Hull above water: 76 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 115 tons
      - Above deck: 580 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     62,271 lbs / 28,246 Kg = 34.4 x 15.4 " / 390 mm shells or 11.2 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
   Metacentric height 7.5 ft / 2.3 m
   Roll period: 18.7 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.55
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a round stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.640 / 0.642
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.08 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 24.84 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 60 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 69
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 12.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  29.53 ft / 9.00 m,  27.07 ft / 8.25 m
      - Forward deck:   50.00 %,  27.07 ft / 8.25 m,  24.61 ft / 7.50 m
      - Aft deck:   17.00 %,  24.61 ft / 7.50 m,  24.61 ft / 7.50 m
      - Quarter deck:   13.00 %,  24.61 ft / 7.50 m,  24.61 ft / 7.50 m
      - Average freeboard:      25.91 ft / 7.90 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 102.2 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 170.5 %
   Waterplane Area: 52,225 Square feet or 4,852 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 219 lbs/sq ft or 1,070 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.92
      - Longitudinal: 2.04
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Excellent accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

I can manage the larger,3T3 x 390L46 gun, with the heavy armor,
with the 26knot speed.

The Belt Armor is typical of earlier Parthian ships, but outsloped, so expected to be effective.
Deck armor is thick, and should be adequate for combat ranges.

27knots matches 12 Byzantine ACs, and 8 Japanese BCs, all of which have thin enough armor that if they are in range, they are vulnerable.

28knots would match the speed of 2 Wilno and 1 Roman heavy ship, give +1 over Japanese BCs, and +2 over all the 26 knot ships...aka the Stormbringer which is the only 26knot heavy.

But that costs 1 gun (11%) of firepower, and puts the guns in just 2 turrets.
However that does allow +10mm belt armor and +10mm deck armor, though splinter protection is 50mm.

As part of conceding range choice, the Parthians fit large magazines, allowing sustained long range fire.

Deck Guns
Deck guns are echloned outwards, like on Iowa,
allowing 4 to bear ahead (8 guns), or 4 on each side.
The dual 90m AA are above them.

Main Belt Armor 
This embraces "all or nothing", but only has 1 deck level unprotected aft and 2 forward. The main armor deck caps the belt at 2.5m and descends to 2.5m.

Outsloped Wedge shaped Belt
In the XV version, the lower portion of the belt tapers.
The upper 3.0m is a uniform 360mm, extending 0.5m below WL.
the lower 2.0m tapers from 360mm down to 310mm.

Mathwise that means there are 3 sections.
               |         | 
               | A      |  A ) Upper, 3000mm (3.0m) x 360mm
            B  \  | C  |   
                  \|     |  C) Lower back , 2000 (2.0m) x 310mm
B) Wedge 1/2B x H :
H = 2.0m = 2000
B = 360-310 = 50

A) = 1,080,000
B) = 50,000
C) = 620,000

SubTotal : 1,750,000 for 5m high tapered belt
Modeled as average 360mm thickness = /360
Total :  4861.11= 4.86m
 

Belt is outsloped by 15%.
Step 2 Outsloping
Overall it is 4m high. which is "A" or adjacent
COS 15 = A/H
H* Cos 15 = A
H = A/Cos 15

So 4.86/ Cos(15) = 5.0314

Which gives 5.03 as the height.

Deck Armor
Deck Armored is modeled as two parts
A 40/130/130 main armored deck : 4680 tons
and a 75mm box around the magazines : 218 tons
Which is a total of 4898 tons

To model that, the deck thickness is shown as
40 / 136.9 /130
Which weighs  4899 tons


Total Magazine Vertical : 130+(75/2) = 167mm
Which means vertical is a 130mm deck with a 75mm splinter box over the magazines. Realistically anything penetrating 130mm is unlikely to detonate fully, so the 75mm is expected to stop flash and chunks.


TDS
Raised to the underside of the Armor deck at 2.5m above waterline.

This means it can serve as a splinter barrier behind the belt


TDS : ||9mm mild steel||  1.5m Bulge ||9mm mild hull||, 1.5m liquid ||9mm mild||, 1.0m void || 9mm mild||, 1.5m liquid || armored (2x19=38mm)||,1.5m  Dam control/ flooding ||(19mm armored)||

Depth : 1.5m exterior, 4.0m interior to main bulkhead, +1.5m to second bulkhead. Total : 1.5 exterior, 5.5m interior : 7.0m total, 57mm STS steel

Torpedo nets
Despite their deficiencies, for large expensive ships, Parthia continues to fit nets.
Parthian ships expect to engage at around 16-18knot, which will make them better targets, but will allow deployment of nets if needed.
As these vessels are expected to operate on detached duty,
they may not be behind harbor nets.

In both cases it is aknowledged that while effective against light torpeoes, net cutter heavy torpedoes can at times penetrate the nets, and so a deep and tough TDS is fitted.


Aircraft
Aircraft are stowed on the stern, with a stern hanger below decks in the 7.5m high stern.


Miscellaneous Weight
100t Reserve Wt

395t Fire Control
25t  LR Radio
0t  SR Radio
10t  SR Air Command Radio
25t  Searchlight Tower (NF)
25t  Hulesmeyer device station keeping
100t Admirals Quarters


OD
5t Paravanes
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
50t : Provision for 2 Scout (or Fighter) floatplanes
10t AC Hanger


HAW
38t Additional fire suppresion
38t CO2 Air conditioning

HBW
50t  Combat Command Center
10+2t Aux Diesel + 2t fuel
38t   Extra pumps
188t torpedo nets
15t   Enhanced Hydrophones
10t  1t doublewall tank, 6t AVGas, 3t Ftr weaposn
5t AV supplies Fire Ext.

Decks
+7.5 Weather Deck
+5.0  Battery Deck
+2.5 Armor Deck 130mm, on top of TDS
+0.0
          -2.5 bottom main belt , top of Bulge
-2.5  2nd Deck
-5.0  1st Deck
-8.5   Engineering
-9.14 Double Bottom

[TacCovert4]

It's the age old problem.

When I designed both marks of the monarch class, they were deliberately 9 gun ships because that's the effective minimum with triples.  And I needed hulls and fast, so 27,000 tons was the absolute max.

Going to 400s, I went to 2 gun turrets to stay light.  But now that I'm just eating the time cost of huge battleships, I'm considering that my next one will either be REALLY  big with a gun larger than 400 in triples, or maybe even a trio of quad 400s, to get accuracy by volume and redundancy.

[Kaiser Kirk]

I've long had the dual problems of Jefgte making strong ships with the same philosophy as mine, while Fox made the opposite and noises about kicking the Europeans out. I found it funny he rejected Parthia as an Asian power. He meant East Asia :)   

Malta Treaty meant Iberia and Rome were in play. That also meant I doubled down on the most firepower/armor on the hulls I had.
Iberia's ships were not a new match up problem.
Rome though...
Snip's choice of paying for the really fast, big gunned, decently armored...but hugely expensive
I didn't expect folks to want to pay for that, just to few hulls. But he has.

[Jefgte]

I've long had the dual problems of Jefgte making strong ships with the same philosophy as mine...

If you catch me, I'll sink you.
Your superior speed is good for escaping.
The winner is the one who remains master of the battlefield.

(I am of course talking about ships of identical tonnage).

[Kaiser Kirk]

Like I said, same general philosophy :)

[TacCovert4]

I've long had the dual problems of Jefgte making strong ships with the same philosophy as mine, while Fox made the opposite and noises about kicking the Europeans out. I found it funny he rejected Parthia as an Asian power. He meant East Asia :)   

Malta Treaty meant Iberia and Rome were in play. That also meant I doubled down on the most firepower/armor on the hulls I had.
Iberia's ships were not a new match up problem.
Rome though...
Snip's choice of paying for the really fast, big gunned, decently armored...but hugely expensive
I didn't expect folks to want to pay for that, just to few hulls. But he has.

My dual problem has long been that I have to build ships that can at least make the Europeans honest.  But also build enough ships to match the Mayan propensity to build large numbers of those small coastal battleships.

Now that the European ships have gotten so big, my options are to forever give up on trying to make a competitive design,  or accept very low numbers.

[Kaiser Kirk]

The Aztec also had the problem of the early fleet disaster, so you're rebuilding a base.

I like what you did with the lighter units, putting their speed above most of the Roman, and building some asymmetrical units in the Razees.
For the heavies I think I would have conceded speed to the Roman, and aimed for a speed point to choose/refuse combat with the Mayans.
Granted that was complicated by not knowing quite what their fleet was....

But with the Romans building very big fast ships, they can't afford as many, which helps offset their BP advantage.
Most of their ships are 340L45s, they only have the new 410L45 on 4 vessels. 172,500 tons of vessels... but 32 big guns.
My 2 Kaliferns with 32 guns take 76,000 tons- but are to slow for your purposes.
But 3 of my 10x390L46 @26knots would take 114,000 tons or 66% of the BP and field 30 big guns.
Slow it to 25 knots, boost the armor to the 380/140 of the first version, and you'd have something the Romans have no
good range for, and can choose to fight or not fight vs. the Mayans.
Hmm some tinkering and I can manage 3T4 @24knots and 38k. Hmm, that's just fast enough to chose engagement/not with the Byzantines...
However it's interesting to see folks different takes on these challenges.