Netherlands 1870 start-up

[Darman]

and for coast defense I present.... a RAM! 


HNLMS Buffel, Netherlands Ironclad Ram laid down 1870
Central citadel ship
Armoured Corvette (Broadside ironclad)

Displacement:
   1,900 t light; 1,956 t standard; 2,051 t normal; 2,127 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (235.00 ft / 225.00 ft) x 32.00 ft x (15.00 / 15.46 ft)
   (71.63 m / 68.58 m) x 9.75 m  x (4.57 / 4.71 m)

Armament:
      2 - 9.00" / 229 mm 15.0 cal guns - 270.13lbs / 122.53kg shells, 50 per gun
     Breech loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret mount, 1870 Model
     1 x Twin mount on centreline, forward deck centre
      Weight of broadside 540 lbs / 245 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   5.00" / 127 mm   130.00 ft / 39.62 m   7.00 ft / 2.13 m
   Ends:   7.00" / 178 mm     69.98 ft / 21.33 m   8.00 ft / 2.44 m
     25.02 ft / 7.63 m Unarmoured ends
   Upper:   5.00" / 127 mm   130.00 ft / 39.62 m   6.40 ft / 1.95 m
     Main Belt covers 89 % of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   8.00" / 203 mm   5.00" / 127 mm            -

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 1,867 ihp / 1,392 Kw = 13.00 kts
   Range 2,150nm at 6.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 171 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   152 - 198

Cost:
   £0.147 million / $0.590 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 40 tons, 2.0 %
   Armour: 607 tons, 29.6 %
      - Belts: 534 tons, 26.0 %
      - Armament: 73 tons, 3.5 %
   Machinery: 457 tons, 22.3 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 796 tons, 38.8 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 151 tons, 7.4 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     1,676 lbs / 760 Kg = 6.6 x 9.0 " / 229 mm shells or 0.6 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
   Metacentric height 1.1 ft / 0.3 m
   Roll period: 12.7 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 75 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.87
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.50

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and small transom stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.665 / 0.669
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.03 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 16.20 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 43 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  9.90 ft / 3.02 m,  9.90 ft / 3.02 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  9.90 ft / 3.02 m,  9.90 ft / 3.02 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00 %,  9.90 ft / 3.02 m,  9.90 ft / 3.02 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  9.90 ft / 3.02 m,  9.90 ft / 3.02 m
      - Average freeboard:      9.90 ft / 3.02 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 80.8 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 71.2 %
   Waterplane Area: 5,736 Square feet or 533 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 122 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 88 lbs/sq ft or 431 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.91
      - Longitudinal: 2.28
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[KWorld]

More speed would be good, because a ram can never have too much speed.

[Darman]

More speed would be good, because a ram can never have too much speed.

13kts is its historic speed.  I'm wavering between speed, armor, and cost. 

[Darman]

Another go at Euphrates....

Euphrates, Netherlands Troopship laid down 1870
Corvette (Unarmoured)

Displacement:
   6,600 t light; 6,747 t standard; 7,387 t normal; 7,899 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (375.00 ft / 365.00 ft) x 49.50 ft x (22.50 / 23.83 ft)
   (114.30 m / 111.25 m) x 15.09 m  x (6.86 / 7.26 m)

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 1 shaft, 1,919 ihp / 1,431 Kw = 11.00 kts
   Range 5,000nm at 7.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1,151 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   397 - 517

Cost:
   £0.297 million / $1.187 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
   Machinery: 470 tons, 6.4 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,426 tons, 32.8 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 787 tons, 10.7 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 3,703 tons, 50.1 %
      - Hull below water: 1,800 tons
      - Hull above water: 1,200 tons
      - Above deck: 703 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     8,118 lbs / 3,682 Kg = 107.4 x 6 " / 152 mm shells or 1.3 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.02
   Metacentric height 1.8 ft / 0.6 m
   Roll period: 15.4 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 100 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.00
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a round stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.636 / 0.642
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.37 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 19.10 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 23 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
      - Average freeboard:      20.00 ft / 6.10 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 65.7 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 129.0 %
   Waterplane Area: 13,443 Square feet or 1,249 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 159 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 96 lbs/sq ft or 469 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.88
      - Longitudinal: 3.21
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, rides out heavy weather easily

Half of natural speed (19 knots) is 9.5kts for 5% of normal displacement, plus 4.5% of normal displacement to bring sailing speed up to 13 knots under sail, which totals 9.5% of normal displacement is allocated to sails and rigging.
3,000 tons miscellaneous weight is for transporting 1,500 troops (1 regiment)

[Darman]

HNLSM Enrica, Netherlands Commerce Raider laid down 1870
Armoured Corvette (Broadside ironclad)

Displacement:
   1,720 t light; 1,798 t standard; 1,950 t normal; 2,072 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (220.00 ft / 220.00 ft) x 32.00 ft x (18.00 / 18.88 ft)
   (67.06 m / 67.06 m) x 9.75 m  x (5.49 / 5.75 m)

Armament:
      2 - 7.00" / 178 mm 18.0 cal guns - 128.00lbs / 58.06kg shells, 100 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1870 Model
     2 x Single mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
      6 - 5.90" / 150 mm 15.0 cal guns - 76.10lbs / 34.52kg shells, 100 per gun
     Breech loading guns in broadside mounts, 1870 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 713 lbs / 323 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   1.75" / 44 mm   154.00 ft / 46.94 m   6.79 ft / 2.07 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
   Upper:   2.00" / 51 mm   154.00 ft / 46.94 m   8.00 ft / 2.44 m
     Main Belt covers 108 % of normal length

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 2,169 ihp / 1,618 Kw = 14.00 kts
   Range 2,500nm at 7.25 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 273 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   146 - 190

Cost:
   £0.147 million / $0.586 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 36 tons, 1.8 %
   Armour: 182 tons, 9.3 %
      - Belts: 182 tons, 9.3 %
   Machinery: 532 tons, 27.3 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 614 tons, 31.5 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 230 tons, 11.8 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 357 tons, 18.3 %
      - Hull below water: 100 tons
      - Hull above water: 50 tons
      - Above deck: 207 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     1,044 lbs / 474 Kg = 8.7 x 7.0 " / 178 mm shells or 0.4 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.04
   Metacentric height 1.0 ft / 0.3 m
   Roll period: 13.7 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 85 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.62
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.70

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.539 / 0.546
   Length to Beam Ratio: 6.88 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 14.83 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   17.00 %,  10.00 ft / 3.05 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Aft deck:   40.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Quarter deck:   13.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Average freeboard:      9.07 ft / 2.76 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 104.5 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 57.1 %
   Waterplane Area: 4,861 Square feet or 452 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 114 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 73 lbs/sq ft or 358 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.89
      - Longitudinal: 2.91
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Half of natural speed (14.8 knots) is 7.4 knots for 5% of normal displacement, plus 5.6% of normal displacement to bring sailing speed up to 13 knots under sail, which totals 10.6% of normal displacement is allocated to sails and rigging.
50t in hull above waterline for 25 extra crew/prisoners.
100t in hull below waterline for extended endurance

[Darman]

This is an emergency design for a commerce raider for the Netherlands.  She's pretty fast under sail (up to 13 knots) but only up to 10kt under steam. 

HLNS Argus, Netherlands Commerce Raider laid down 1870

Displacement:
   150 t light; 156 t standard; 176 t normal; 192 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (85.00 ft / 85.00 ft) x 26.00 ft x (6.00 / 6.40 ft)
   (25.91 m / 25.91 m) x 7.92 m  x (1.83 / 1.95 m)

Armament:
      15 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm 30.0 cal guns - 1.19lbs / 0.54kg shells, 300 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1870 Model
     1 x Quintuple mount on centreline, forward deck centre
     2 x Quintuple mounts on sides, aft deck centre
      Weight of broadside 18 lbs / 8 kg

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 1 shaft, 195 ihp / 145 Kw = 10.00 kts
   Range 1,000nm at 8.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 35 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   23 - 31

Cost:
   £0.013 million / $0.051 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 2 tons, 1.3 %
   Machinery: 48 tons, 27.1 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 72 tons, 40.8 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 26 tons, 14.8 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 28 tons, 15.9 %
      - Above deck: 28 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     201 lbs / 91 Kg = 185.8 x 1.5 " / 37 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.62
   Metacentric height 1.5 ft / 0.5 m
   Roll period: 9.0 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 84 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.03
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.67

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.465 / 0.474
   Length to Beam Ratio: 3.27 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 9.22 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  8.76 ft / 2.67 m,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00 %,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m
      - Average freeboard:      6.63 ft / 2.02 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 94.1 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 72.8 %
   Waterplane Area: 1,363 Square feet or 127 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 134 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 37 lbs/sq ft or 183 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.82
      - Longitudinal: 5.45
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Half of natural speed (9 knots) is 4.5 knots for 5% of normal displacement, plus 4.5% of normal displacement to bring sailing speed up to 10 knots under sail, which totals 9.5% of normal displacement, plus another 6% of normal displacement to add 3 knots to total 13 knots of speed.  Total is now 15.5% normal displacement. 

My big question is, do you think she's too small for her role? 

[KWorld]

Well, she's small, certainly, but ships of this size were used as privateers during the War of 1812.  Armament is 5 Hotchkiss 37mms, it looks like: no real threat to the hull of a ship, but would certainly threaten the decks (if you can get a line of fire to them) and rigging.  The question would be, to my mind, can you overawe the target ship into striking their colors before a fight, given that at least for a bit this world's merchantment are likely to be armed more like the ships of the 1800-1820 period instead of the historical 1870s (I expect that West Point Foundry has found a ready market for 20 and 30 pound Parrott rifles post-1865 on naval mountings).

[Darman]

Here, 3" guns rather than 37mm revolvers. 

HLNS Argus, Netherlands Commerce Raider laid down 1870

Displacement:
   150 t light; 155 t standard; 175 t normal; 191 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (85.00 ft / 85.00 ft) x 26.00 ft x (6.00 / 6.40 ft)
   (25.91 m / 25.91 m) x 7.92 m  x (1.83 / 1.95 m)

Armament:
      2 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm 15.0 cal guns - 10.00lbs / 4.54kg shells, 200 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in deck mounts, 1870 Model
     1 x Single mount on centreline, forward deck forward
     1 x Single mount on centreline, aft deck aft
      Weight of broadside 20 lbs / 9 kg

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 1 shaft, 194 ihp / 145 Kw = 10.00 kts
   Range 1,000nm at 8.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 35 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   23 - 31

Cost:
   £0.012 million / $0.049 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 1 tons, 0.6 %
   Machinery: 48 tons, 27.2 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 73 tons, 41.8 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 25 tons, 14.4 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 28 tons, 16.0 %
      - Above deck: 28 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     206 lbs / 94 Kg = 21.8 x 3.0 " / 76 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.61
   Metacentric height 1.5 ft / 0.4 m
   Roll period: 9.0 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 84 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.03
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.68

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.462 / 0.472
   Length to Beam Ratio: 3.27 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 9.22 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  8.76 ft / 2.67 m,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00 %,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m,  6.45 ft / 1.97 m
      - Average freeboard:      6.63 ft / 2.02 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 91.7 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 72.6 %
   Waterplane Area: 1,359 Square feet or 126 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 139 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 38 lbs/sq ft or 185 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.83
      - Longitudinal: 5.54
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Half of natural speed (9 knots) is 4.5 knots for 5% of normal displacement, plus 4.5% of normal displacement to bring sailing speed up to 10 knots under sail, which totals 9.5% of normal displacement, plus another 6% of normal displacement to add 3 knots to total 13 knots of speed.  Total is now 15.5% normal displacement. 

[Jefgte]

IMO, too small for a raider or...
that's a North Sea raider.

Jef  ;)

[KWorld]

It is small, that's for sure, though like I said, ships of this size were used as privateers during the War of 1812 and the American Revolution.


Armament-wise, 2 3" guns isn't very impressive.  I told Logi some months back that I wasn't sure that 2 80-pounders were going to be enough to overawe merchants operating off China, so 2 10-pounders would be even more marginal.  Might work sometimes, of course, but not all the time.

[Darman]

True, if 80pdrs only might have a chance then 10pdrs have even less of a chance.  It also depends on how prevelent pirates are and if they are armed with full up naval weapons or just small arms and a few swivel gun type mounts, then swarm the decks of any merchant ships. 

[KWorld]

I'd expect pirates to vary widely in armament, from nothing heavier than small arms and cutlasses to relatively modern naval armament.  The most likely heavy weapons are likely to be carronades and gunades, because they were common merchant-ship armement and can firea wide variety of shot types.  Regular smoothbore naval guns of up to 12 pounder class would also be likely, while some successful and organized pirates might have some smaller rifled guns (after all, they were commercially available).

This site has some interesting information on naval guns of the period, from the US Civil War viewpoint: http://markerhunter.wordpress.com/artillery/naval-cannons/