Spanish Navy

[Tanthalas]

well everyone pointed out my issue with the penitration, so I dont have to.  There are virtualy no TBs in this period to justify mounting the 4.5s and the 8" guns. a few 6 pounders and a few 3 pounders sure there is historical precidence for them.  Personaly id ditch them both and throw on like 6+ 6" guns, 10+ 6 pounders, and 6+ 3 pounders. 

My only real issue is this is another example of the Iberian Navy getting everything right, without showing any progression or reason for the layout in question.

[Logi]

Logi: I'm guessing those numbers are with AP rounds, which IIRC were not made for guns that small.

Solid shot rounds, which are the normal for the period. But if solid shot rounds are available for smaller guns (that I don't know), then the guns will use HE.

Extrapolating from British 5"/25 Mk 1 data (you have to enter a year before 1865 in my program and 45-caliber in my program because the muzzle velocity is an oddball), a solid shot penetrates ~76% more armor than a HE shell.

That makes the penetration values for 4.7"/30 45lb HE something like:
9.69" of wrought iron armor @ 1,003 yds
7.99" of wrought iron armor @ 2,005 yds
6.64" of wrought iron armor @ 3,002 yds

Much less potent, but still not useless. The odds of the upper belt or end belt being as armored as the typical main belt of the period is unlikely.

What on earth are you using for shells for that calculation?
If any of those guns even penetrate 10cm of face-hardened armour it would be a miracle.
Running that scenario in NaAB the 12cm shot would be hard pressed to defeat 10cm of armour, let alone 30cm+

I'm using my own program, which I wrote specifically for close range simulations - using Nathan Okun's given formulas mind you. We're also talking about 1,000 yds scenario.

According the NAaB, a 4.7" shell (1921 since that's the earliest with every input already given) penetrates 7.5" of chilled cast iron at 2,120 yds. Based on the compression strength in comparison, chilled cast iron should theoretically be better at defeating rounds in this period. It hits the armor at 75% of the muzzle velocity (that's the equivalent of a 3,000 yds round from my example).

Now why is the penetration so great? There's probably two reasons:
1) I benchmarked the F-formula for the session on the British 10"/32 gun. The guns give different values for penetration than NAaB believes and ends up with a smaller F-value (larger penetration) for the F-formula than if we benchmark the F-value to NAaB results.

If we benchmark the F-value to NAaB penetration values, the given penetration in any of the experiments is roughly ~2.7" less. Coupled with the penetration value for an HE shell I gave above, you'll see it falls very much in line (~5.3" iron penetration by the 4.7" at 2 kyd). I think that's more of a discrepancy between what NAaB thinks a shell will penetrate and what was reported in NavWeaps rather than a problem in my program.

2) NAaB gives the explosive charge of the 4.7" as taking 12% of the weight (HE). I modeled it as though it were a solid shot round.

----------

However, even given these possible corrections, I think a 4.7" gun is still very much useful.
~7.0" of wrought iron armor @ 1,003 yds
~5.3" of wrought iron armor @ 2,005 yds
~3.9" of wrought iron armor @ 3,002 yds

Unless you have above 7.0" side armor in this period (meaning wrought iron armor period) - whilst your main belt probably can't be penetrated, there's still plenty of places the 4.7" 45lb shell can penetrate.

EDIT and NOTE: The Krupp armor penetrations are just approximations, I don't have the actual data in front of me (and I didn't bother going into my program get the values). According to the value I was using to approximate the qualitative difference between wrought iron and Krupp armor, the 4.7" 50lb shell used on the Hood would also penetrate ~10.7" of Krupp armor at 2,120 yds.

[Logi]

well everyone pointed out my issue with the penitration, so I dont have to.  There are virtualy no TBs in this period to justify mounting the 4.5s and the 8" guns. a few 6 pounders and a few 3 pounders sure there is historical precidence for them.  Personaly id ditch them both and throw on like 6+ 6" guns, 10+ 6 pounders, and 6+ 3 pounders.

What? I just gave you proof of ships mounting 8"-10"-6" secondary batteries a page or two ago. Do we really need to go through that again?

If we are to argue about uselessness, I think 6-pdrs and 3-pdrs are completely worthless. They can't penetrate anything at all  - period. If you say we use them to sink native crafts, if you're getting within accurate firing range of a naval craft so small that a 6-pdr or 3-pdr would do them in, there's something wrong.

Also it's a 4.7" gun not a 4.5" gun. I thought it was more dreadnought to go with a single uniform medium caliber secondary (6-pdr and 3-pdr are so small they're basically the AA guns of later decades). I don't think you can say mixed battery when the tertiary battery is so small they might as well be pom-poms.

My only real issue is this is another example of the Iberian Navy getting everything right, without showing any progression or reason for the layout in question.

I am not sure what you mean by this. As far as I can tell, the Iberian Navy isn't getting everything right any more so that another country.

[Logi]

Going back working on the design again - self-imposed weight limit of 6,000 tons.

The ship must be:

- Sturdy (protected against her own guns and larger)
- Small (6,000 tons or under)
- Decent Legs (3000nm @ 10 kts or higher without rig)
- Decent Firepower (at least 600lb of broadside weight per 1000 tons in normal displacement)
- Steady Ship
- Good seaboat
- 14 kts

Seems to fit that order. 14" belt in 1877, I think is nigh impenetrable. That's good. Originally I had it up to 18", but that's a tad overkill.

IAB Gloria, Iberia Battleship laid down 1877

Displacement:
   5,177 t light; 5,443 t standard; 6,000 t normal; 6,445 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (260.00 ft / 260.00 ft) x 50.00 ft x (25.80 / 27.40 ft)
   (79.25 m / 79.25 m) x 15.24 m  x (7.86 / 8.35 m)

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm 25.0 cal guns - 699.99lbs / 317.51kg shells, 40 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret mounts, 1877 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      4 - 8.00" / 203 mm 30.0 cal guns - 211.71lbs / 96.03kg shells, 60 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in deck mounts, 1877 Model
     4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 - 4.70" / 119 mm 35.0 cal guns - 42.00lbs / 19.05kg shells, 400 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1877 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 3,899 lbs / 1,768 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      4 - 15.0" / 381 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.128 t each, 0.512 t total
   In 4 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   14.0" / 356 mm   260.00 ft / 79.25 m   8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Upper:   6.00" / 152 mm   260.00 ft / 79.25 m   3.00 ft / 0.91 m
     Main Belt covers 154 % of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   12.0" / 305 mm   6.00" / 152 mm            -
   3rd:   4.00" / 102 mm         -               -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 1.00" / 25 mm
   Forecastle: 1.00" / 25 mm  Quarter deck: 1.00" / 25 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 11.32" / 288 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 4,030 ihp / 3,007 Kw = 14.00 kts
   Range 3,000nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1,002 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   340 - 443

Cost:
   £0.485 million / $1.941 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 385 tons, 6.4 %
      - Guns: 385 tons, 6.4 %
      - Weapons: 1 tons, 0.0 %
   Armour: 1,871 tons, 31.2 %
      - Belts: 1,251 tons, 20.8 %
      - Armament: 358 tons, 6.0 %
      - Armour Deck: 182 tons, 3.0 %
      - Conning Tower: 81 tons, 1.3 %
   Machinery: 870 tons, 14.5 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,051 tons, 34.2 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 823 tons, 13.7 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     4,485 lbs / 2,034 Kg = 6.4 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 13.8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
   Metacentric height 2.2 ft / 0.7 m
   Roll period: 14.1 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.70
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.20

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has raised forecastle,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.626 / 0.633
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.20 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 16.12 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 58
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -20.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.00 ft / -0.91 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  14.50 ft / 4.42 m,  14.50 ft / 4.42 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  7.00 ft / 2.13 m,  7.00 ft / 2.13 m
      - Aft deck:   30.00 %,  7.00 ft / 2.13 m,  7.00 ft / 2.13 m
      - Quarter deck:   20.00 %,  7.00 ft / 2.13 m,  7.00 ft / 2.13 m
      - Average freeboard:      8.50 ft / 2.59 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 75.6 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 37.9 %
   Waterplane Area: 9,742 Square feet or 905 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 147 lbs/sq ft or 720 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 3.78
      - Overall: 1.10
   Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Extremely poor accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[eltf177]

      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm 25.0 cal guns - 699.99lbs / 317.51kg shells, 40 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret mounts, 1877 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on centreline, evenly spread

Only 40 rounds per gun? That seems a bit low, 60 would be better.

[Logi]

Only 40 rounds per gun? That seems a bit low, 60 would be better.

Not low at all! If we consider the period RoF for breech-loading guns (~3 minutes), it has enough for an 80 minutes continuous fight. If it's a muzzle-loading gun, we can expect 7-8 minutes reload time for a 12" gun. That means 280-320 minute continuously fighting (4 2/3 - 5 1/3 hrs).

The 8" by comparison has capacity for 2 hours of straight-up fight. The 4.7" battery has capacity for 1 1/3 hours of continuous fighting.

[Korpen]

Seems to fit that order. 14" belt in 1877, I think is nigh impenetrable. That's good. Originally I had it up to 18", but that's a tad overkill.

IAB Gloria, Iberia Battleship laid down 1877

Displacement:
   5,177 t light; 5,443 t standard; 6,000 t normal; 6,445 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (260.00 ft / 260.00 ft) x 50.00 ft x (25.80 / 27.40 ft)
   (79.25 m / 79.25 m) x 15.24 m  x (7.86 / 8.35 m)

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm 25.0 cal guns - 699.99lbs / 317.51kg shells, 40 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret mounts, 1877 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      4 - 8.00" / 203 mm 30.0 cal guns - 211.71lbs / 96.03kg shells, 60 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in deck mounts, 1877 Model
     4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread

If you truly want her to be good at sea I would recommend raising freeboard a bit, but that is minor (also her beam x depth seems a bit extreme).
Why place the 20cm guns totally exposed, especially considering the pain you go trough to place thick armour along the entire waterline?
The fact that none of your turrets can fire forward could be a major tactical problem I feel.
About the armour, why along the entire waterline? If you reduced it to about 60m could you use the weight to strengthen the upper belt (that protects the machinery for the turrets or increase freeboard?

[Logi]

The fact that none of your turrets can fire forward could be a major tactical problem I feel.

Where did you get that?

Why place the 20cm guns totally exposed, especially considering the pain you go trough to place thick armour along the entire waterline?

True, there but period guns also had them unarmored - I'll see what it changes though.

About the armour, why along the entire waterline? If you reduced it to about 60m could you use the weight to strengthen the upper belt (that protects the machinery for the turrets or increase freeboard?

I don't believe in the unarmored end buoyancy for this period. Maybe that's just a design quirk.

[Korpen]

The fact that none of your turrets can fire forward could be a major tactical problem I feel.

Where did you get that?

The forecastle is 2,3m higher then the main deck were the guns are mounted, as the gun turrets are on the centreline that blocks forward fire.

I don't believe in the unarmored end buoyancy for this period. Maybe that's just a design quirk.

Well, if you reduced the length to 60m the belt would cover 75% of the waterline and about 90% of the volume. So it is not a raft design were end buoyancy matter even then.

[Logi]

The forecastle is 2,3m higher then the main deck were the guns are mounted, as the gun turrets are on the centreline that blocks forward fire.

Ah I had forgotten about that.

Well, if you reduced the length to 60m the belt would cover 75% of the waterline and about 90% of the volume. So it is not a raft design were end buoyancy matter even then.

That would be interesting, but also impossible for what the ship had to carry - at least without turning it into a monitor BC and a very deep draught or wide beam.

But I'll see what I can do.

[Logi]

That would be interesting, but also impossible for what the ship had to carry - at least without turning it into a monitor BC and a very deep draught or wide beam.

But I'll see what I can do.

Re-reading that, I totally misunderstood what you were trying to say.

-----------------

Reworked the design - allowed a 400 ton increase in normal displacement :( for a much thicker upper belt. According to Tan and your posts in the Polish Navy thread - I removed the face-plate armor on my casemates.

IAB Gloria, Iberia Battleship laid down 1877

Displacement:
   5,546 t light; 5,819 t standard; 6,400 t normal; 6,865 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (260.00 ft / 260.00 ft) x 54.00 ft x (25.00 / 26.53 ft)
   (79.25 m / 79.25 m) x 16.46 m  x (7.62 / 8.09 m)

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm 25.0 cal guns - 699.99lbs / 317.51kg shells, 40 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret mounts, 1877 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      4 - 8.00" / 203 mm 3.0 cal guns - 200.00lbs / 90.72kg shells, 60 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in casemate mounts, 1877 Model
     4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 - 4.70" / 119 mm 35.0 cal guns - 42.00lbs / 19.05kg shells, 400 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1877 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 3,852 lbs / 1,747 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      4 - 15.0" / 381 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.128 t each, 0.512 t total
   In 4 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   14.0" / 356 mm   195.00 ft / 59.44 m   8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
   Upper:   10.0" / 254 mm   195.00 ft / 59.44 m   5.00 ft / 1.52 m
     Main Belt covers 115 % of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   12.0" / 305 mm   6.67" / 169 mm            -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 1.00" / 25 mm
   Forecastle: 1.00" / 25 mm  Quarter deck: 1.00" / 25 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 10.00" / 254 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 4,237 ihp / 3,161 Kw = 14.00 kts
   Range 3,000nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1,045 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   357 - 465

Cost:
   £0.480 million / $1.922 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 314 tons, 4.9 %
      - Guns: 313 tons, 4.9 %
      - Weapons: 1 tons, 0.0 %
   Armour: 2,000 tons, 31.3 %
      - Belts: 1,400 tons, 21.9 %
      - Armament: 328 tons, 5.1 %
      - Armour Deck: 198 tons, 3.1 %
      - Conning Tower: 74 tons, 1.2 %
   Machinery: 915 tons, 14.3 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,318 tons, 36.2 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 854 tons, 13.3 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     5,724 lbs / 2,596 Kg = 8.2 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 16.3 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.19
   Metacentric height 2.8 ft / 0.8 m
   Roll period: 13.7 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.70
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.23

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.638 / 0.645
   Length to Beam Ratio: 4.81 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 16.12 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 57
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Aft deck:   30.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Quarter deck:   20.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Average freeboard:      9.00 ft / 2.74 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 70.2 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 50.8 %
   Waterplane Area: 10,639 Square feet or 988 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 120 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 155 lbs/sq ft or 756 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 3.86
      - Overall: 1.10
   Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Cramped accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[snip]

      4 - 8.00" / 203 mm 3.0 cal guns - 200.00lbs / 90.72kg shells, 60 per gun

Might want to fix those, as I doubt a 3 caliber gun will do any good.

[Logi]

The corrected IAB Gloria

IAB Gloria, Iberia Battleship laid down 1877

Displacement:
   5,546 t light; 5,819 t standard; 6,400 t normal; 6,865 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (260.00 ft / 260.00 ft) x 54.00 ft x (25.00 / 26.53 ft)
   (79.25 m / 79.25 m) x 16.46 m  x (7.62 / 8.09 m)

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm 25.0 cal guns - 700.00lbs / 317.51kg shells, 40 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret mounts, 1877 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      4 - 8.00" / 203 mm 30.0 cal guns - 200.00lbs / 90.72kg shells, 60 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in casemate mounts, 1877 Model
     4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 - 4.70" / 119 mm 35.0 cal guns - 42.00lbs / 19.05kg shells, 400 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1877 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 3,852 lbs / 1,747 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      4 - 15.0" / 381 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.128 t each, 0.512 t total
   In 4 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   14.0" / 356 mm   195.00 ft / 59.44 m   8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
   Upper:   10.0" / 254 mm   195.00 ft / 59.44 m   5.00 ft / 1.52 m
     Main Belt covers 115 % of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   12.6" / 320 mm   6.50" / 165 mm            -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 1.00" / 25 mm
   Forecastle: 1.00" / 25 mm  Quarter deck: 1.00" / 25 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 10.00" / 254 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 4,237 ihp / 3,161 Kw = 14.00 kts
   Range 3,000nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1,045 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   357 - 465

Cost:
   £0.504 million / $2.018 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 385 tons, 6.0 %
      - Guns: 385 tons, 6.0 %
      - Weapons: 1 tons, 0.0 %
   Armour: 2,008 tons, 31.4 %
      - Belts: 1,399 tons, 21.9 %
      - Armament: 337 tons, 5.3 %
      - Armour Deck: 198 tons, 3.1 %
      - Conning Tower: 74 tons, 1.2 %
   Machinery: 915 tons, 14.3 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,238 tons, 35.0 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 854 tons, 13.3 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     5,500 lbs / 2,495 Kg = 7.9 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 15.5 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.20
   Metacentric height 2.8 ft / 0.8 m
   Roll period: 13.6 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.67
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.24

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.638 / 0.645
   Length to Beam Ratio: 4.81 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 16.12 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 57
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Aft deck:   30.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Quarter deck:   20.00 %,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m,  9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Average freeboard:      9.00 ft / 2.74 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 73.2 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 50.8 %
   Waterplane Area: 10,639 Square feet or 988 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 153 lbs/sq ft or 745 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 3.80
      - Overall: 1.10
   Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Cramped accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

A greater monitor design - as in larger than the average <800 ton monitor.

IAB Ibiza, Iberia Mayor Monitor laid down 1865

Displacement:
   2,292 t light; 2,375 t standard; 2,600 t normal; 2,780 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (180.00 ft / 180.00 ft) x 41.00 ft x (16.50 / 17.52 ft)
   (54.86 m / 54.86 m) x 12.50 m  x (5.03 / 5.34 m)

Armament:
      2 - 12.00" / 305 mm 25.0 cal guns - 699.99lbs / 317.51kg shells, 40 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret mount, 1865 Model
     1 x Twin mount on centreline amidships (forward deck)
      Weight of broadside 1,400 lbs / 635 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   10.0" / 254 mm   135.00 ft / 41.15 m   8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
     Main Belt covers 115 % of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   10.0" / 254 mm   5.00" / 127 mm            -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 3.00" / 76 mm
   Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm  Quarter deck: 3.00" / 76 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 382 ihp / 285 Kw = 8.00 kts
   Range 2,000nm at 8.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 406 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   181 - 236

Cost:
   £0.159 million / $0.637 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 121 tons, 4.7 %
      - Guns: 121 tons, 4.7 %
   Armour: 974 tons, 37.4 %
      - Belts: 496 tons, 19.1 %
      - Armament: 132 tons, 5.1 %
      - Armour Deck: 345 tons, 13.3 %
   Machinery: 105 tons, 4.1 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,092 tons, 42.0 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 308 tons, 11.9 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     3,250 lbs / 1,474 Kg = 6.0 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 2.2 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.24
   Metacentric height 2.0 ft / 0.6 m
   Roll period: 12.3 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.39
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.00

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.747 / 0.752
   Length to Beam Ratio: 4.39 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 13.42 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 33 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 70
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  4.50 ft / 1.37 m,  4.50 ft / 1.37 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  4.50 ft / 1.37 m,  4.50 ft / 1.37 m
      - Aft deck:   30.00 %,  4.50 ft / 1.37 m,  4.50 ft / 1.37 m
      - Quarter deck:   20.00 %,  4.50 ft / 1.37 m,  4.50 ft / 1.37 m
      - Average freeboard:      4.50 ft / 1.37 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 36.4 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 29.2 %
   Waterplane Area: 6,167 Square feet or 573 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 145 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 139 lbs/sq ft or 677 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.98
      - Longitudinal: 3.10
      - Overall: 1.10
   Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Extremely poor accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

Reworked Protected Cruiser - The Fast Arm of the Fleet

IAB Vizcaya, Iberia Protected Cruiser laid down 1877
Barbette ship

Displacement:
   3,836 t light; 4,016 t standard; 4,300 t normal; 4,527 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (284.31 ft / 279.00 ft) x 39.00 ft x (24.50 / 25.53 ft)
   (86.66 m / 85.04 m) x 11.89 m  x (7.47 / 7.78 m)

Armament:
      3 - 10.00" / 254 mm 30.0 cal guns - 500.01lbs / 226.80kg shells, 40 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in open barbette mounts, 1877 Model
     3 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      6 - 4.70" / 119 mm 35.0 cal guns - 45.00lbs / 20.41kg shells, 400 per gun
     Muzzle loading guns in casemate mounts, 1877 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 1,770 lbs / 803 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      4 - 15.0" / 381 mm, 15.12 ft / 4.61 m torpedoes - 0.155 t each, 0.622 t total
   In 1 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:         -            -         8.00" / 203 mm
   2nd:   4.00" / 102 mm         -               -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 2.50" / 64 mm
   Forecastle: 2.50" / 64 mm  Quarter deck: 2.50" / 64 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 7,852 ihp / 5,858 Kw = 17.80 kts
   Range 3,000nm at 8.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 512 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   265 - 345

Cost:
   £0.433 million / $1.732 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 249 tons, 5.8 %
      - Guns: 249 tons, 5.8 %
      - Weapons: 1 tons, 0.0 %
   Armour: 641 tons, 14.9 %
      - Armament: 237 tons, 5.5 %
      - Armour Deck: 359 tons, 8.3 %
      - Conning Tower: 46 tons, 1.1 %
   Machinery: 1,677 tons, 39.0 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,269 tons, 29.5 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 464 tons, 10.8 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     1,357 lbs / 615 Kg = 3.4 x 10.0 " / 254 mm shells or 4.1 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
   Metacentric height 1.5 ft / 0.5 m
   Roll period: 13.2 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.72
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a normal bow and a round stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.565 / 0.570
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.15 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 16.70 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 67
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 20.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  9.10 ft / 2.77 m,  9.10 ft / 2.77 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  9.10 ft / 2.77 m,  9.10 ft / 2.77 m
      - Aft deck:   30.00 %,  9.10 ft / 2.77 m,  9.10 ft / 2.77 m
      - Quarter deck:   20.00 %,  9.10 ft / 2.77 m,  9.10 ft / 2.77 m
      - Average freeboard:      9.10 ft / 2.77 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 140.9 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 49.9 %
   Waterplane Area: 7,698 Square feet or 715 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 93 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 106 lbs/sq ft or 516 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.99
      - Longitudinal: 2.80
      - Overall: 1.10
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Extremely poor accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform