Coal to Oil

[Jefgte]

Some ships built in 1905-1910 are using coal boilers.
I have tested some rebuilts with 1916 oil boilers.

I have noted that the rebuilt "coal to oil" give some free extra weight, interresting possibilities to modernise ships in the middle of their life.

Here is a 1910 DD100 class using coal.

D-100 Class, NUS DD laid down 1910 (Engine 1909)

Displacement:
   750 t light; 785 t standard; 989 t normal; 1 153 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
   331.25 ft / 328.00 ft x 29.50 ft x 8.50 ft (normal load)
   100.97 m / 99.97 m x 8.99 m  x 2.59 m

Armament:
      2 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 30.00lbs / 13.61kg shells, 1910 Model
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts
     on centreline, evenly spread, 1 raised mount
      2 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 30.00lbs / 13.61kg shells, 1910 Model
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts
     on side, all forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      2 - 1.00" / 25.4 mm guns in single mounts, 0.50lbs / 0.23kg shells, 1910 Model
     Machine guns in deck mounts
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
   Weight of broadside 121 lbs / 55 kg
   Shells per gun, main battery: 200
   4 - 18.0" / 457.2 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   1.00" / 25 mm   0.50" / 13 mm            -
   2nd:   1.00" / 25 mm         -               -

   - Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm

Machinery:
   Coal and oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Direct drive, 1 shaft, 12 289 shp / 9 168 Kw = 27.00 kts
   Range 4 500nm at 12.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 368 tons (90% coal)

Complement:
   87 - 114

Cost:
   £0.105 million / $0.419 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 16 tons, 1.6 %
   Armour: 17 tons, 1.7 %
      - Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Armament: 8 tons, 0.8 %
      - Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Conning Tower: 9 tons, 0.9 %
   Machinery: 464 tons, 46.9 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 230 tons, 23.2 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 239 tons, 24.2 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 23 tons, 2.3 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     296 lbs / 134 Kg = 9.2 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.67
   Metacentric height 1.9 ft / 0.6 m
   Roll period: 9.1 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.11
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.29

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has raised forecastle
   Block coefficient: 0.421
   Length to Beam Ratio: 11.12 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 18.11 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 54
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -5.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 3.25 ft / 0.99 m
   Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
      - Stem:      17.00 ft / 5.18 m
      - Forecastle (25 %):   17.00 ft / 5.18 m (9.00 ft / 2.74 m aft of break)
      - Mid (50 %):      9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Quarterdeck (20 %):   9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Stern:      9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Average freeboard:   11.00 ft / 3.35 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 167.1 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 89.2 %
   Waterplane Area: 5 725 Square feet or 532 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 71 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 23 lbs/sq ft or 111 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.50
      - Longitudinal: 0.78
      - Overall: 0.52
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

8 tons torpedo and tubes
10 tons small marconi
5 ton reserve weight

& the rebuilt with 1916 oil boilers

D-100 Class, NUS DE laid down 1910 (Engine 1916)

Displacement:
   748 t light; 788 t standard; 985 t normal; 1 143 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
   331.25 ft / 328.00 ft x 29.50 ft x 8.46 ft (normal load)
   100.97 m / 99.97 m x 8.99 m  x 2.58 m

Armament:
      2 - 4.72" / 120 mm guns in single mounts, 52.72lbs / 23.91kg shells, 1910 Model
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
     on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount
      1 - 4.72" / 120 mm guns in single mounts, 52.72lbs / 23.91kg shells, 1910 Model
     Quick firing gun in a deck mount with hoist
     on centreline aft
      4 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.88kg shells, 1910 Model
     Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
     on centreline, all amidships
      4 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 1910 Model
     Machine guns in deck mounts
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
   Weight of broadside 166 lbs / 75 kg
   Shells per gun, main battery: 200
   3 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   1.00" / 25 mm   0.50" / 13 mm            -
   2nd:   1.00" / 25 mm         -               -

   - Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Direct drive, 1 shaft, 12 258 shp / 9 145 Kw = 27.00 kts
   Range 8 000nm at 12.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 354 tons

Complement:
   87 - 114

Cost:
   £0.101 million / $0.404 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 21 tons, 2.1 %
   Armour: 16 tons, 1.6 %
      - Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Armament: 8 tons, 0.8 %
      - Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Conning Tower: 9 tons, 0.9 %
   Machinery: 410 tons, 41.7 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 271 tons, 27.5 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 237 tons, 24.0 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 30 tons, 3.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     328 lbs / 149 Kg = 6.2 x 4.7 " / 120 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.43
   Metacentric height 1.5 ft / 0.5 m
   Roll period: 10.2 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 65 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.31
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.20

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has raised forecastle
   Block coefficient: 0.421
   Length to Beam Ratio: 11.12 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 18.11 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 54
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -5.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 3.25 ft / 0.99 m
   Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
      - Stem:      17.00 ft / 5.18 m
      - Forecastle (25 %):   17.00 ft / 5.18 m (9.00 ft / 2.74 m aft of break)
      - Mid (50 %):      9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Quarterdeck (20 %):   9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Stern:      9.00 ft / 2.74 m
      - Average freeboard:   11.00 ft / 3.35 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 154.8 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 88.7 %
   Waterplane Area: 5 725 Square feet or 532 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 88 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 27 lbs/sq ft or 131 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.51
      - Longitudinal: 0.87
      - Overall: 0.54
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

12 tons torpedo and tubes
10 tons small marconi
8 ton reserve weight

[Jefgte]

& the coal PDN, useful for coastal work.
Originaly built
Inti - Illapa, Peru BB laid down 1901 (Engine 1900)

Displacement:
   10 400 t light; 10 927 t standard; 11 628 t normal; 12 189 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
   416.67 ft / 416.67 ft x 75.46 ft x 22.13 ft (normal load)
   127.00 m / 127.00 m x 23.00 m  x 6.74 m

Armament:
      4 - 12.01" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 865.70lbs / 392.67kg shells, 1901 Model
     Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
     on centreline, evenly spread
      12 - 5.98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107.15lbs / 48.60kg shells, 1901 Model
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
     on side, evenly spread
      12 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm guns in single mounts, 22.24lbs / 10.09kg shells, 1901 Model
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      4 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 1901 Model
     Machine guns in deck mounts
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
   Weight of broadside 5 016 lbs / 2 275 kg
   Shells per gun, main battery: 100
   4 - 18.0" / 457.2 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   9.84" / 250 mm   275.59 ft / 84.00 m   10.17 ft / 3.10 m
   Ends:   4.02" / 102 mm   124.67 ft / 38.00 m   10.17 ft / 3.10 m
     16.40 ft / 5.00 m Unarmoured ends
   Upper:   5.00" / 127 mm   275.59 ft / 84.00 m   8.01 ft / 2.44 m
     Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   11.0" / 280 mm   3.94" / 100 mm      9.06" / 230 mm
   2nd:   5.00" / 127 mm         -               -
   3rd:   0.79" / 20 mm         -               -

   - Armour deck: 2.56" / 65 mm, Conning tower: 9.06" / 230 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 11 912 ihp / 8 886 Kw = 17.92 kts
   Range 4 500nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1 261 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   559 - 727

Cost:
   £1.151 million / $4.605 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 627 tons, 5.4 %
   Armour: 3 832 tons, 33.0 %
      - Belts: 1 897 tons, 16.3 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Armament: 762 tons, 6.6 %
      - Armour Deck: 1 073 tons, 9.2 %
      - Conning Tower: 100 tons, 0.9 %
   Machinery: 1 861 tons, 16.0 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 3 789 tons, 32.6 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 228 tons, 10.6 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 290 tons, 2.5 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     11 405 lbs / 5 173 Kg = 13.2 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 1.7 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.27
   Metacentric height 5.1 ft / 1.5 m
   Roll period: 14.1 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 73 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.34
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.47

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck
   Block coefficient: 0.585
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.52 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 20.41 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
      - Stem:      16.73 ft / 5.10 m
      - Forecastle (18 %):   13.45 ft / 4.10 m
      - Mid (50 %):      13.12 ft / 4.00 m
      - Quarterdeck (18 %):   13.12 ft / 4.00 m
      - Stern:      13.12 ft / 4.00 m
      - Average freeboard:   13.47 ft / 4.11 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 99.8 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 102.0 %
   Waterplane Area: 22 675 Square feet or 2 107 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 90 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 125 lbs/sq ft or 610 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 1.66
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Inti- Ld 1901 - engine 1902 - in service 1904
Illapa - Ld 1903 - engine 1904 - in service 1906

------------
The rebuilt with oil boilers
Illapa, Peru BB laid down 1903 (Engine 1916)

Displacement:
   11 173 t light; 11 785 t standard; 12 602 t normal; 13 255 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
   458.33 ft / 458.33 ft x 75.46 ft x 21.80 ft (normal load)
   139.70 m / 139.70 m x 23.00 m  x 6.64 m

Armament:
      4 - 12.01" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 865.70lbs / 392.67kg shells, 1903 Model
     Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
     on centreline, evenly spread
      6 - 9.06" / 230 mm guns in single mounts, 371.24lbs / 168.39kg shells, 1916 Model
     Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
     on side, evenly spread
      8 - 4.72" / 120 mm guns (4x2 guns), 52.72lbs / 23.92kg shells, 1916 Model
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      8 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (4x2 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.88kg shells, 1916 Model
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      4 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 1916 Model
     Machine guns in deck mounts
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
   Weight of broadside 6 128 lbs / 2 780 kg
   Shells per gun, main battery: 100

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   9.84" / 250 mm   275.59 ft / 84.00 m   10.17 ft / 3.10 m
   Ends:   4.02" / 102 mm   124.67 ft / 38.00 m   10.17 ft / 3.10 m
     58.07 ft / 17.70 m Unarmoured ends
   Upper:   5.00" / 127 mm   275.59 ft / 84.00 m   8.01 ft / 2.44 m
     Main Belt covers 93 % of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   11.0" / 280 mm   3.94" / 100 mm      9.06" / 230 mm
   2nd:   7.87" / 200 mm   2.17" / 55 mm      7.09" / 180 mm
   3rd:   2.36" / 60 mm   0.79" / 20 mm      15.7" / 400 mm
   4th:   0.79" / 20 mm         -               -
   5th:   0.50" / 13 mm         -               -

   - Armour deck: 2.56" / 65 mm, Conning tower: 9.06" / 230 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 29 200 shp / 21 783 Kw = 22.50 kts
   Range 7 000nm at 12.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1 470 tons

Complement:
   594 - 773

Cost:
   £1.187 million / $4.747 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 766 tons, 6.1 %
   Armour: 4 288 tons, 34.0 %
      - Belts: 1 919 tons, 15.2 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Armament: 1 082 tons, 8.6 %
      - Armour Deck: 1 181 tons, 9.4 %
      - Conning Tower: 106 tons, 0.8 %
   Machinery: 1 088 tons, 8.6 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 4 742 tons, 37.6 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 429 tons, 11.3 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 290 tons, 2.3 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     15 308 lbs / 6 943 Kg = 17.7 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 2.4 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
   Metacentric height 4.0 ft / 1.2 m
   Roll period: 15.8 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.48
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has raised forecastle
   Block coefficient: 0.585
   Length to Beam Ratio: 6.07 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 21.41 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
      - Stem:      21.39 ft / 6.52 m
      - Forecastle (22 %):   18.11 ft / 5.52 m (13.78 ft / 4.20 m aft of break)
      - Mid (50 %):      13.45 ft / 4.10 m
      - Quarterdeck (18 %):   13.45 ft / 4.10 m
      - Stern:      13.45 ft / 4.10 m
      - Average freeboard:   14.81 ft / 4.51 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 76.5 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 108.2 %
   Waterplane Area: 24 943 Square feet or 2 317 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 98 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 140 lbs/sq ft or 685 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 1.60
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate

Illapa - Ld 1903 - engine 1904 - in service 1906
Rebuilt in 1921 to form a light BB division with Veinticinco de Mayo (14784t-6x12"-22.5kts)