Heer

[Borys]

Upon Stefan coming to the Throne the Habsburg Army was representative of its epoch. An army manned by conscripts who, after 3 years with the Colors, passed to Reserve, for callup in time of war. There were 141 recruitment areas, supplying the 138 infantry and 63 cavalry regiments, with three such areas supplying recruits to the Fleet.
Regiments are recruited locally, thus alleviating the problem with different nationalities and languages. Still, in some regiments recruited in very mixed areas every battalion speaks a different language.

However, in line with the Kaiser's Service Guaranties Citizenship policy, army recruitment is to be changed.

As to combat doctrine and training, the Austrian Heer is again fairly typical of its time and geographic location. The only peculiarity is that not only Light Infantry, but Line Infanterie as well is given training in fighting in rough terrain. In light of the geography of the Monarchy, the sorrounding mountain belts, this is only natural. This is also reflected in artillery equipment. One fourth of an Infantry Division's artillery is of the "mountain" type, i.e. of smaller calibre than standard, often being capable of being broken down into several components and man or mule handled. The Austrian military considers the slight weakening of the firepower on the Great European Plain battlefields to be well worth the extra mobility gained in mountainous terrain.

[Borys]

The 1904 reform brought about the following structure:

The Heimwehr was created, composed of weekend soldiers. Recruited locally, often friends or co-workers in everyday life. The social function was quite important, and Heimwehr Battalions or Companies often absorbed local rifle associations. Corprals, Sargeants and Lietenents are elected. Captains are a mixed bunch, although mostly Regular, while Majors and all higher Officers are invariably Regulars.
The language of command is German or Hungarian and the "local language". It was not uncommon in mixed areas for battalions of same regiment to use different "local languages", e.g. 1st Battalion of the HIR 55 from Lemberg would be made up of upperclass Polish, the 2nd Battalion of lower class Polish speakers, whilst the 3rd would be lower class Ukranian speakers.

Landwehr
This formation is a step above in level of training over the Heimwehr, as it includes a 6 month period of continuous training. The Landwehr Korps are all located in sensitive border regions, and the population often has a strong martial tradition.

Reichswehr
These are the professional formations of long-term servicemen. 6 years service awards Citizen status to Habsburg nationals.

Foreigners can enlist in the Auslaender Freiwilligen Legion (Foreign Volunteers Legion). Six years of service makes a soldier a Habsburg Subject, and another six enlistment -  grants Citizenship and gives access to Officer rank.

[Borys]

Military ranks

Gemeine - private 2nd class
Infanterist/Jaeger/Ulan/Husar/etc. - private (after 6 months)
Korporal - lance-corporal
Unteroffizier - corporal (JNCO)
Zugfuerher - Sargeant (NCO)
Feldwebel - Master-Sargeant (SNCO)
Feldwebel-Leutnant  (WO - below Leutnant))
Offiziersstellvertreter (WO - below Oberleutnant)
Leutant - 2nd Lieutenant
Oberleutnant - Lieutenant
Hauptmann - Captain
Major
Oberstleutnant - Lt.Colonel
Oberst - Colonel
General Major - Major General
Feldmarschallleutnant - General Lieutenant
General der Infanterie/Kavallerie/Feldzeugmeister  - General of Infantry/Cavalry/Artillery
Feldmarshal - Field Marshal