Imperial Chinese Fleet

[Walter]

Well, I was busy, busy and busy and then had to redo a bunch of sims when I found out that I had forgotten to alter the main gun settings from twin to single. I tried to pay attention when I did the sims as I usually work with the imperial settings and now I used metric. Because of that, there could be a few minor errors in there (but I hope not). I usually start with the bigger ships and then work my way down the list. I have sims for the PCs, but no names yet. Still have to do the smaller stuff like DDs, gunboats, etc.

Ship names
Battleships and Armored Ships: Provinces
Armored Cruisers: Mountains
Other Cruisers: Cities
Destroyers: ?
Gunboats: ?

Ship class ---------- Based on Real World
BB Shanxi ----------- BB Duncan (GB)
AS Jilin ------------ BB Centurion (GB)
AS Jiangsu ---------- BB Renown (GB)
AS Hebei ------------ BB Majestic (GB)
AC Jiuhua ----------- AC Dupuy de Lome (Fr)
AC Wutong ----------- AC Amiral Charner (Fr)
AC Longmen ---------- AC Rossia (Rs)
AC Shennong --------- AC Gromoboi (Rs)
AC Beiwudang -------- AC Bayan (Rs)
PC Fuding ----------- PC Apollo (GB)
PC Baiyin ----------- PC Astraea (GB)
PC Tianshui --------- PC Svetlana (Rs)
PC Lechang ---------- PC Varyag (Rs)
UC Zhuji ------------ UC Chihaya (Jp)

[Walter]

ICNS Jilin class, China Armored Ship laid down 1890


Displacement:
   9,424 t light; 9,828 t standard; 10,852 t normal; 11,671 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (368.27 ft / 360.07 ft) x 70.05 ft x (25.10 / 26.65 ft)
   (112.25 m / 109.75 m) x 21.35 m  x (7.65 / 8.12 m)

Armament:
      4 - 10.04" / 255 mm 40.0 cal guns - 473.99lbs / 215.00kg shells, 80 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      10 - 4.72" / 120 mm 40.0 cal guns - 50.71lbs / 23.00kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     10 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 raised mounts
      4 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      8 - 2.36" / 60.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 300 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 raised mounts
      12 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     4 x Single mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
     8 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 2,489 lbs / 1,129 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   12.0" / 305 mm   213.25 ft / 65.00 m   10.50 ft / 3.20 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
   Upper:   4.13" / 105 mm   213.25 ft / 65.00 m   8.20 ft / 2.50 m
     Main Belt covers 91% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   5.91" / 150 mm   5.91" / 150 mm      8.86" / 225 mm
   2nd:   3.94" / 100 mm   2.36" / 60 mm            -
   3rd:   0.79" / 20 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 2.56" / 65 mm
   Forecastle: 2.36" / 60 mm  Quarter deck: 2.36" / 60 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 12.01" / 305 mm, Aft 3.15" / 80 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 13,000 ihp / 9,698 Kw = 18.28 kts
   Range 6,000nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1,842 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   531 - 691

Cost:
   £0.876 million / $3.503 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 459 tons, 4.2%
      - Guns: 459 tons, 4.2%
   Armour: 3,226 tons, 29.7%
      - Belts: 1,583 tons, 14.6%
      - Armament: 615 tons, 5.7%
      - Armour Deck: 868 tons, 8.0%
      - Conning Towers: 160 tons, 1.5%
   Machinery: 2,407 tons, 22.2%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,118 tons, 28.7%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,427 tons, 13.2%
   Miscellaneous weights: 214 tons, 2.0%
      - Hull below water: 4 tons
      - Hull above water: 10 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 200 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     12,506 lbs / 5,673 Kg = 24.7 x 10.0 " / 255 mm shells or 1.8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.37
   Metacentric height 5.1 ft / 1.6 m
   Roll period: 13.0 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.29
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.57

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.600 / 0.608
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.14 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 18.98 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 45
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -8.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  18.04 ft / 5.50 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Average freeboard:      16.23 ft / 4.95 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90.5%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 106.4%
   Waterplane Area: 18,447 Square feet or 1,714 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 123 lbs/sq ft or 600 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.90
      - Longitudinal: 2.69
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

[Walter]

ICNS Shanxi class, China Battleship laid down 1898 (Engine 1900)


Displacement:
   11,618 t light; 12,234 t standard; 13,991 t normal; 15,396 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (426.51 ft / 419.95 ft) x 75.46 ft x (25.75 / 27.88 ft)
   (130.00 m / 128.00 m) x 23.00 m  x (7.85 / 8.50 m)

Armament:
      4 - 12.01" / 305 mm 35.0 cal guns - 815.71lbs / 370.00kg shells, 80 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1895 Model
     4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      12 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 250 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1890 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      10 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 12.68lbs / 5.75kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     10 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      4 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      6 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     6 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      6 double raised mounts
      20 - 0.43" / 11.0 mm 58.0 cal guns - 0.04lbs / 0.02kg shells, 700 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1895 Model
     2 x 2 row decuple mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 4,598 lbs / 2,085 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   8.86" / 225 mm   262.47 ft / 80.00 m   12.30 ft / 3.75 m
   Ends:   3.15" / 80 mm   157.48 ft / 48.00 m   12.30 ft / 3.75 m
   Upper:   7.87" / 200 mm   262.47 ft / 80.00 m   9.02 ft / 2.75 m
     Main Belt covers 96% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   10.0" / 255 mm   7.87" / 200 mm      10.8" / 275 mm
   2nd:   5.91" / 150 mm   5.91" / 150 mm            -

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 2.95" / 75 mm
   Forecastle: 2.36" / 60 mm  Quarter deck: 1.97" / 50 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 12.01" / 305 mm, Aft 5.91" / 150 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 13,000 ihp / 9,698 Kw = 17.83 kts
   Range 7,000nm at 12.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 3,162 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   643 - 836

Cost:
   £0.994 million / $3.974 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 664 tons, 4.7%
      - Guns: 664 tons, 4.7%
   Armour: 4,979 tons, 35.6%
      - Belts: 2,360 tons, 16.9%
      - Armament: 1,183 tons, 8.5%
      - Armour Deck: 1,212 tons, 8.7%
      - Conning Towers: 224 tons, 1.6%
   Machinery: 2,031 tons, 14.5%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,733 tons, 26.7%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,373 tons, 17.0%
   Miscellaneous weights: 210 tons, 1.5%
      - Hull below water: 10 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 200 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     20,948 lbs / 9,502 Kg = 24.2 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 2.8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.34
   Metacentric height 5.5 ft / 1.7 m
   Roll period: 13.5 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 91 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.39
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.82

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.600 / 0.610
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.57 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 20.49 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m
      - Average freeboard:      16.40 ft / 5.00 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 68.6%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 112.6%
   Waterplane Area: 23,177 Square feet or 2,153 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 122 lbs/sq ft or 594 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.92
      - Longitudinal: 2.11
      - Overall: 1.00
   Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

[Walter]

ICNS Jiangsu, China Armored Ship laid down 1893 (Engine 1890)

Displacement:
   9,746 t light; 10,278 t standard; 12,360 t normal; 14,025 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (388.78 ft / 380.58 ft) x 72.18 ft x (26.25 / 29.15 ft)
   (118.50 m / 116.00 m) x 22.00 m  x (8.00 / 8.88 m)

Armament:
      4 - 10.04" / 255 mm 40.0 cal guns - 473.99lbs / 215.00kg shells, 80 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      10 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 300 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1890 Model
     10 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      12 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 12.68lbs / 5.75kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1890 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      4 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      12 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     4 x Single mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
     8 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 3,073 lbs / 1,394 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   8.07" / 205 mm   209.97 ft / 64.00 m   11.98 ft / 3.65 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
   Upper:   6.10" / 155 mm   209.97 ft / 64.00 m   9.35 ft / 2.85 m
     Main Belt covers 85% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   5.91" / 150 mm   5.91" / 150 mm      9.84" / 250 mm
   2nd:   5.91" / 150 mm   3.94" / 100 mm            -
   3rd:   1.57" / 40 mm   1.57" / 40 mm            -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 2.95" / 75 mm
   Forecastle: 2.95" / 75 mm  Quarter deck: 2.95" / 75 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.86" / 225 mm, Aft 3.15" / 80 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 13,000 ihp / 9,698 Kw = 18.02 kts
   Range 7,500nm at 12.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 3,748 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   585 - 761

Cost:
   £0.898 million / $3.593 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 513 tons, 4.1%
      - Guns: 513 tons, 4.1%
   Armour: 3,468 tons, 28.1%
      - Belts: 1,521 tons, 12.3%
      - Armament: 702 tons, 5.7%
      - Armour Deck: 1,106 tons, 9.0%
      - Conning Towers: 138 tons, 1.1%
   Machinery: 2,407 tons, 19.5%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,148 tons, 25.5%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,614 tons, 21.1%
   Miscellaneous weights: 210 tons, 1.7%
      - Hull below water: 8 tons
      - Hull above water: 2 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 200 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     16,656 lbs / 7,555 Kg = 32.9 x 10.0 " / 255 mm shells or 2.2 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.58
   Metacentric height 6.6 ft / 2.0 m
   Roll period: 11.8 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.21
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.78

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.600 / 0.613
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.27 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 19.51 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 40
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -8.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  18.04 ft / 5.50 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Average freeboard:      16.23 ft / 4.95 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 81.3%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 105.2%
   Waterplane Area: 20,091 Square feet or 1,866 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 117%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 116 lbs/sq ft or 564 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.90
      - Longitudinal: 2.53
      - Overall: 1.00
   Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

[Walter]

ICNS Hebei class, China Armored Ship laid down 1895 (Engine 1890)


Displacement:
   11,208 t light; 11,874 t standard; 13,981 t normal; 15,666 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (396.98 ft / 390.42 ft) x 75.46 ft x (26.57 / 29.25 ft)
   (121.00 m / 119.00 m) x 23.00 m  x (8.10 / 8.92 m)

Armament:
      4 - 12.01" / 305 mm 35.0 cal guns - 815.71lbs / 370.00kg shells, 80 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1895 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      12 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 300 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1890 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      16 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 12.68lbs / 5.75kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1890 Model
     16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      12 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     12 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      12 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 4,689 lbs / 2,127 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   8.86" / 225 mm   209.97 ft / 64.00 m   10.99 ft / 3.35 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
   Upper:   6.10" / 155 mm   209.97 ft / 64.00 m   8.20 ft / 2.50 m
     Main Belt covers 83% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   10.0" / 255 mm   10.0" / 255 mm      13.0" / 330 mm
   2nd:   5.91" / 150 mm   3.94" / 100 mm            -
   3rd:   1.57" / 40 mm   1.57" / 40 mm            -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 3.94" / 100 mm
   Forecastle: 2.36" / 60 mm  Quarter deck: 2.36" / 60 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.86" / 225 mm, Aft 3.15" / 80 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 13,000 ihp / 9,698 Kw = 17.66 kts
   Range 7,000nm at 12.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 3,792 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   642 - 835

Cost:
   £1.036 million / $4.145 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 682 tons, 4.9%
      - Guns: 682 tons, 4.9%
   Armour: 4,230 tons, 30.3%
      - Belts: 1,481 tons, 10.6%
      - Armament: 1,101 tons, 7.9%
      - Armour Deck: 1,498 tons, 10.7%
      - Conning Towers: 150 tons, 1.1%
   Machinery: 2,407 tons, 17.2%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,679 tons, 26.3%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,773 tons, 19.8%
   Miscellaneous weights: 210 tons, 1.5%
      - Hull below water: 8 tons
      - Hull above water: 2 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 200 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     19,123 lbs / 8,674 Kg = 22.1 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 2.4 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.54
   Metacentric height 6.8 ft / 2.1 m
   Roll period: 12.2 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.28
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.76

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.625 / 0.636
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.17 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 19.76 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 40
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -5.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  18.04 ft / 5.50 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Average freeboard:      16.23 ft / 4.95 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77.9%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 105.2%
   Waterplane Area: 22,054 Square feet or 2,049 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 126 lbs/sq ft or 617 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.90
      - Longitudinal: 2.52
      - Overall: 1.00
   Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

[Walter]

ICNS Jiuhua, China Armored Cruiser laid down 1890


Displacement:
   5,917 t light; 6,165 t standard; 6,953 t normal; 7,583 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (393.70 ft / 374.02 ft) x 51.51 ft x (22.97 / 24.61 ft)
   (120.00 m / 114.00 m) x 15.70 m  x (7.00 / 7.50 m)

Armament:
      2 - 7.87" / 200 mm 45.0 cal guns - 242.51lbs / 110.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
      6 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 180 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x Single mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      1 raised mount - superfiring
     4 x Single mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 - 2.36" / 60.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 250 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      10 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 350 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
     4 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      4 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 1,134 lbs / 515 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   3.94" / 100 mm   374.02 ft / 114.00 m   8.86 ft / 2.70 m
   Upper:   3.94" / 100 mm   374.02 ft / 114.00 m   5.74 ft / 1.75 m
     Main Belt covers 154% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   3.94" / 100 mm   3.94" / 100 mm            -
   2nd:   3.94" / 100 mm   3.94" / 100 mm            -

   - Protected deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 1.50" / 38 mm
   Forecastle: 1.18" / 30 mm  Quarter deck: 1.50" / 38 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 4.92" / 125 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 13,000 ihp / 9,698 Kw = 19.96 kts
   Range 6,000nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1,418 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   379 - 494

Cost:
   £0.652 million / $2.609 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 281 tons, 4.0%
      - Guns: 281 tons, 4.0%
   Armour: 1,459 tons, 21.0%
      - Belts: 795 tons, 11.4%
      - Armament: 257 tons, 3.7%
      - Armour Deck: 368 tons, 5.3%
      - Conning Tower: 39 tons, 0.6%
   Machinery: 2,407 tons, 34.6%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,750 tons, 25.2%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,036 tons, 14.9%
   Miscellaneous weights: 20 tons, 0.3%
      - On freeboard deck: 20 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     3,573 lbs / 1,621 Kg = 14.6 x 7.9 " / 200 mm shells or 0.8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
   Metacentric height 2.4 ft / 0.7 m
   Roll period: 14.0 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.29
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.550 / 0.560
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.26 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 19.34 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 67
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -60.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -16.40 ft / -5.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Average freeboard:      9.84 ft / 3.00 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 126.9%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 66.5%
   Waterplane Area: 13,445 Square feet or 1,249 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 95%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 93 lbs/sq ft or 452 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.96
      - Longitudinal: 1.44
      - Overall: 1.00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Cramped accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

[Walter]

Not sure how to sim those lowered turrets, so I raised the centerline turrets instead

ICNS Wutong class, China Armored Cruiser laid down 1890


Displacement:
   4,175 t light; 4,386 t standard; 4,817 t normal; 5,162 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (367.45 ft / 360.89 ft) x 45.93 ft x (20.34 / 21.43 ft)
   (112.00 m / 110.00 m) x 14.00 m  x (6.20 / 6.53 m)

Armament:
      2 - 7.87" / 200 mm 45.0 cal guns - 242.51lbs / 110.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      6 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 200 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      4 - 2.36" / 60.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      4 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     4 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      4 double raised mounts
      20 - 0.43" / 11.0 mm 58.0 cal guns - 0.04lbs / 0.02kg shells, 700 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x 2 row decuple mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 1,119 lbs / 507 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   3.54" / 90 mm   255.91 ft / 78.00 m   8.14 ft / 2.48 m
   Ends:   1.57" / 40 mm   104.99 ft / 32.00 m   8.14 ft / 2.48 m
     Main Belt covers 109% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   3.94" / 100 mm   3.94" / 100 mm            -
   2nd:   3.94" / 100 mm   3.94" / 100 mm            -

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 1.77" / 45 mm
   Forecastle: 1.57" / 40 mm  Quarter deck: 1.57" / 40 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 3.94" / 100 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 7,000 ihp / 5,222 Kw = 18.05 kts
   Range 4,000nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 776 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   288 - 375

Cost:
   £0.435 million / $1.741 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 278 tons, 5.8%
      - Guns: 278 tons, 5.8%
   Armour: 993 tons, 20.6%
      - Belts: 355 tons, 7.4%
      - Armament: 257 tons, 5.3%
      - Armour Deck: 357 tons, 7.4%
      - Conning Tower: 24 tons, 0.5%
   Machinery: 1,296 tons, 26.9%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,597 tons, 33.2%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 642 tons, 13.3%
   Miscellaneous weights: 10 tons, 0.2%
      - Hull above water: 10 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     3,482 lbs / 1,580 Kg = 14.3 x 7.9 " / 200 mm shells or 0.9 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.06
   Metacentric height 1.7 ft / 0.5 m
   Roll period: 14.6 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.62
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.12

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.508
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.86 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 19.00 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 45
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m
      - Average freeboard:      10.28 ft / 3.13 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 108.9%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 74.3%
   Waterplane Area: 11,044 Square feet or 1,026 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 100 lbs/sq ft or 487 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.96
      - Longitudinal: 1.45
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Cramped accommodation and workspace room

[Walter]

ICNS Longmen, China Armored Cruiser laid down 1893 (Engine 1890)

Displacement:
   10,118 t light; 10,658 t standard; 12,109 t normal; 13,270 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (488.19 ft / 484.91 ft) x 66.60 ft x (26.25 / 28.13 ft)
   (148.80 m / 147.80 m) x 20.30 m  x (8.00 / 8.58 m)

Armament:
      4 - 7.87" / 200 mm 45.0 cal guns - 242.51lbs / 110.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     4 x Single mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      16 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 200 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1890 Model
     16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      16 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      12 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 12.68lbs / 5.75kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1893 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      20 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1893 Model
     20 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      20 - 0.43" / 11.0 mm 58.0 cal guns - 0.04lbs / 0.02kg shells, 700 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1893 Model
     2 x 2 row decuple mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 2,766 lbs / 1,254 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   7.87" / 200 mm   315.19 ft / 96.07 m   9.84 ft / 3.00 m
   Ends:   3.94" / 100 mm   169.69 ft / 51.72 m   9.84 ft / 3.00 m
   Upper:   4.72" / 120 mm   315.19 ft / 96.07 m   8.20 ft / 2.50 m
     Main Belt covers 100% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   3.94" / 100 mm   3.94" / 100 mm            -
   2nd:   3.94" / 100 mm   1.97" / 50 mm            -

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 2.95" / 75 mm
   Forecastle: 1.97" / 50 mm  Quarter deck: 1.97" / 50 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 12.01" / 305 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 3 shafts, 16,000 ihp / 11,936 Kw = 19.74 kts
   Range 7,800nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 2,612 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   576 - 750

Cost:
   £0.951 million / $3.806 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 549 tons, 4.5%
      - Guns: 549 tons, 4.5%
   Armour: 3,372 tons, 27.8%
      - Belts: 1,795 tons, 14.8%
      - Armament: 329 tons, 2.7%
      - Armour Deck: 1,111 tons, 9.2%
      - Conning Tower: 136 tons, 1.1%
   Machinery: 2,963 tons, 24.5%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,214 tons, 26.5%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,991 tons, 16.4%
   Miscellaneous weights: 20 tons, 0.2%
      - Hull above water: 20 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     14,183 lbs / 6,433 Kg = 58.1 x 7.9 " / 200 mm shells or 1.8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.51
   Metacentric height 5.5 ft / 1.7 m
   Roll period: 11.9 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.20
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.72

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.511
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.28 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 22.02 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 41 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 41
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  18.04 ft / 5.50 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Average freeboard:      16.23 ft / 4.95 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 95.2%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 114.4%
   Waterplane Area: 21,518 Square feet or 1,999 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 106 lbs/sq ft or 517 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.94
      - Longitudinal: 1.64
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

[Walter]

ICNS Shennong, China Armored Cruiser laid down 1896 (Engine 1890)

Displacement:
   10,143 t light; 10,705 t standard; 12,211 t normal; 13,417 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (484.25 ft / 480.97 ft) x 68.57 ft x (25.92 / 27.84 ft)
   (147.60 m / 146.60 m) x 20.90 m  x (7.90 / 8.49 m)

Armament:
      4 - 7.87" / 200 mm 45.0 cal guns - 242.51lbs / 110.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     4 x Single mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      16 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 200 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1890 Model
     16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      16 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      24 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 12.68lbs / 5.75kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     24 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      12 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      20 - 0.43" / 11.0 mm 58.0 cal guns - 0.04lbs / 0.02kg shells, 700 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x 2 row decuple mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 2,896 lbs / 1,313 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   5.91" / 150 mm   337.93 ft / 103.00 m   9.84 ft / 3.00 m
   Ends:   2.36" / 60 mm   143.04 ft / 43.60 m   9.84 ft / 3.00 m
   Upper:   3.94" / 100 mm   337.93 ft / 103.00 m   8.20 ft / 2.50 m
     Main Belt covers 108% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   3.94" / 100 mm   3.94" / 100 mm            -
   2nd:   3.94" / 100 mm   1.97" / 50 mm            -

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 2.95" / 75 mm
   Forecastle: 1.38" / 35 mm  Quarter deck: 1.38" / 35 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 12.01" / 305 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 3 shafts, 18,500 ihp / 13,801 Kw = 20.47 kts
   Range 8,100nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 2,712 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   580 - 755

Cost:
   £1.024 million / $4.095 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 573 tons, 4.7%
      - Guns: 573 tons, 4.7%
   Armour: 2,963 tons, 24.3%
      - Belts: 1,407 tons, 11.5%
      - Armament: 329 tons, 2.7%
      - Armour Deck: 1,090 tons, 8.9%
      - Conning Tower: 137 tons, 1.1%
   Machinery: 3,426 tons, 28.1%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,161 tons, 25.9%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,068 tons, 16.9%
   Miscellaneous weights: 20 tons, 0.2%
      - Hull above water: 20 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     12,407 lbs / 5,628 Kg = 50.8 x 7.9 " / 200 mm shells or 1.6 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.63
   Metacentric height 6.4 ft / 2.0 m
   Roll period: 11.4 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.17
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.80

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.511
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.01 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 21.93 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 43 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 39
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  18.04 ft / 5.50 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m
      - Average freeboard:      16.23 ft / 4.95 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 107.1%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 116.0%
   Waterplane Area: 21,974 Square feet or 2,041 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 104 lbs/sq ft or 510 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 1.71
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

[Walter]

ICNS Beiwudang, China Armored Cruiser laid down 1898 (Engine 1900)

Displacement:
   7,269 t light; 7,595 t standard; 8,104 t normal; 8,511 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (452.76 ft / 449.48 ft) x 57.41 ft x (21.98 / 22.81 ft)
   (138.00 m / 137.00 m) x 17.50 m  x (6.70 / 6.95 m)

Armament:
      2 - 7.87" / 200 mm 45.0 cal guns - 242.51lbs / 110.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1898 Model
     2 x Single mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      8 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 200 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1898 Model
     8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      12 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 12.68lbs / 5.75kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      12 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1898 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      20 - 0.43" / 11.0 mm 58.0 cal guns - 0.04lbs / 0.02kg shells, 700 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1898 Model
     2 x 2 row decuple mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 1,465 lbs / 664 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   8.66" / 220 mm   337.93 ft / 103.00 m   9.19 ft / 2.80 m
   Ends:   3.15" / 80 mm   111.55 ft / 34.00 m   9.19 ft / 2.80 m
   Upper:   3.94" / 100 mm   337.93 ft / 103.00 m   8.20 ft / 2.50 m
     Main Belt covers 116% of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   5.91" / 150 mm   3.15" / 80 mm      5.91" / 150 mm
   2nd:   2.36" / 60 mm   1.57" / 40 mm            -

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 1.57" / 40 mm
   Forecastle: 0.79" / 20 mm  Quarter deck: 0.79" / 20 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 5.31" / 135 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 16,000 ihp / 11,936 Kw = 20.98 kts
   Range 4,000nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 916 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   426 - 555

Cost:
   £0.700 million / $2.800 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 301 tons, 3.7%
      - Guns: 301 tons, 3.7%
   Armour: 2,360 tons, 29.1%
      - Belts: 1,667 tons, 20.6%
      - Armament: 189 tons, 2.3%
      - Armour Deck: 458 tons, 5.7%
      - Conning Tower: 46 tons, 0.6%
   Machinery: 2,500 tons, 30.8%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,088 tons, 25.8%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 835 tons, 10.3%
   Miscellaneous weights: 20 tons, 0.2%
      - Hull above water: 20 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     6,623 lbs / 3,004 Kg = 27.1 x 7.9 " / 200 mm shells or 1.1 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.41
   Metacentric height 3.9 ft / 1.2 m
   Roll period: 12.1 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.19
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.39

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.506
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.83 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 21.20 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 51
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  12.30 ft / 3.75 m,  12.30 ft / 3.75 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  12.30 ft / 3.75 m,  12.30 ft / 3.75 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  12.30 ft / 3.75 m,  12.30 ft / 3.75 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  12.30 ft / 3.75 m,  12.30 ft / 3.75 m
      - Average freeboard:      12.30 ft / 3.75 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 112.6%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 94.6%
   Waterplane Area: 17,194 Square feet or 1,597 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 98%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 88 lbs/sq ft or 429 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.98
      - Longitudinal: 1.25
      - Overall: 1.00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[Walter]

ICNS Fuding class, China Protected Cruiser laid down 1890

Displacement:
   2,943 t light; 3,091 t standard; 3,618 t normal; 4,040 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (318.24 ft / 314.96 ft) x 43.64 ft x (17.55 / 19.13 ft)
   (97.00 m / 96.00 m) x 13.30 m  x (5.35 / 5.83 m)

Armament:
      2 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x Single mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      6 - 4.72" / 120 mm 40.0 cal guns - 50.71lbs / 23.00kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 - 2.36" / 60.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 556 lbs / 252 kg

Armour:
   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   4.33" / 110 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 1.18" / 30 mm
   Forecastle: 0.59" / 15 mm  Quarter deck: 0.59" / 15 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 3.15" / 80 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 8,799 ihp / 6,564 Kw = 19.75 kts
   Range 6,000nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 949 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   233 - 303

Cost:
   £0.374 million / $1.495 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 139 tons, 3.8%
      - Guns: 139 tons, 3.8%
   Armour: 227 tons, 6.3%
      - Armament: 24 tons, 0.7%
      - Armour Deck: 187 tons, 5.2%
      - Conning Tower: 16 tons, 0.4%
   Machinery: 1,590 tons, 43.9%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 977 tons, 27.0%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 675 tons, 18.7%
   Miscellaneous weights: 10 tons, 0.3%
      - Hull above water: 10 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     1,674 lbs / 759 Kg = 16.3 x 5.9 " / 150 mm shells or 0.5 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.64
   Metacentric height 3.3 ft / 1.0 m
   Roll period: 10.1 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.19
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.22

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.525 / 0.538
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.22 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 17.75 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 57
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -5.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m,  10.17 ft / 3.10 m
      - Average freeboard:      10.28 ft / 3.13 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 155.7%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 77.9%
   Waterplane Area: 9,370 Square feet or 871 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 91%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 73 lbs/sq ft or 357 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 1.64
      - Overall: 1.00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Cramped accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[Walter]

ICNS Baiyin class, China Protected Cruiser laid down 1892 (Engine 1890)

Displacement:
   3,493 t light; 3,678 t standard; 4,463 t normal; 5,090 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (334.65 ft / 331.36 ft) x 49.54 ft x (19.03 / 21.04 ft)
   (102.00 m / 101.00 m) x 15.10 m  x (5.80 / 6.41 m)

Armament:
      2 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x Single mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      8 - 4.72" / 120 mm 40.0 cal guns - 50.71lbs / 23.00kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      10 - 2.36" / 60.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     10 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      2 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     2 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 676 lbs / 307 kg

Armour:
   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   4.33" / 110 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 1.97" / 50 mm
   Forecastle: 1.18" / 30 mm  Quarter deck: 1.18" / 30 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 5.91" / 150 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 9,336 ihp / 6,965 Kw = 19.50 kts
   Range 5,200nm at 12.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1,411 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   272 - 354

Cost:
   £0.422 million / $1.688 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 167 tons, 3.8%
      - Guns: 167 tons, 3.8%
   Armour: 430 tons, 9.6%
      - Armament: 24 tons, 0.5%
      - Armour Deck: 372 tons, 8.3%
      - Conning Tower: 34 tons, 0.8%
   Machinery: 1,729 tons, 38.7%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,156 tons, 25.9%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 970 tons, 21.7%
   Miscellaneous weights: 10 tons, 0.2%
      - Hull above water: 10 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     2,559 lbs / 1,161 Kg = 24.9 x 5.9 " / 150 mm shells or 0.7 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.72
   Metacentric height 4.2 ft / 1.3 m
   Roll period: 10.1 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.14
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.25

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.516
   Length to Beam Ratio: 6.69 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 18.20 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 56
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -5.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Average freeboard:      9.97 ft / 3.04 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 138.8%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 75.4%
   Waterplane Area: 10,938 Square feet or 1,016 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 77 lbs/sq ft or 376 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 1.60
      - Overall: 1.00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Cramped accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[Walter]

ICNS Tianshui class, China Protected Cruiser laid down 1895 (Engine 1890)

Displacement:
   3,440 t light; 3,573 t standard; 3,776 t normal; 3,938 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (331.36 ft / 331.36 ft) x 42.65 ft x (18.70 / 19.30 ft)
   (101.00 m / 101.00 m) x 13.00 m  x (5.70 / 5.88 m)

Armament:
      6 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     6 x Single mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      10 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     10 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 623 lbs / 283 kg

Armour:
   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   1.18" / 30 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 1.97" / 50 mm
   Forecastle: 0.98" / 25 mm  Quarter deck: 0.98" / 25 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 3.94" / 100 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 11,114 ihp / 8,291 Kw = 21.00 kts
   Range 2,100nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 365 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   240 - 313

Cost:
   £0.450 million / $1.801 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 175 tons, 4.6%
      - Guns: 175 tons, 4.6%
   Armour: 354 tons, 9.4%
      - Armament: 20 tons, 0.5%
      - Armour Deck: 314 tons, 8.3%
      - Conning Tower: 21 tons, 0.5%
   Machinery: 1,911 tons, 50.6%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 950 tons, 25.2%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 336 tons, 8.9%
   Miscellaneous weights: 50 tons, 1.3%
      - On freeboard deck: 50 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     1,174 lbs / 533 Kg = 11.4 x 5.9 " / 150 mm shells or 0.4 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.37
   Metacentric height 2.4 ft / 0.7 m
   Roll period: 11.5 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.27
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.08

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.505
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.77 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 18.20 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 65
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
      - Average freeboard:      9.84 ft / 3.00 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 178.6%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 73.6%
   Waterplane Area: 9,416 Square feet or 875 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 74%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 70 lbs/sq ft or 343 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 1.53
      - Overall: 1.00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Cramped accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

[Walter]

ICNS Lechang class, China Protected Cruiser laid down 1898 (Engine 1900)

Displacement:
   5,900 t light; 6,163 t standard; 6,611 t normal; 6,969 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (426.51 ft / 426.51 ft) x 52.49 ft x (20.67 / 21.51 ft)
   (130.00 m / 130.00 m) x 16.00 m  x (6.30 / 6.56 m)

Armament:
      12 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.21lbs / 45.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      12 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 12.68lbs / 5.75kg shells, 300 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
     8 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 1,365 lbs / 619 kg

Armour:
   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   1.18" / 30 mm         -               -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 2.76" / 70 mm
   Forecastle: 1.18" / 30 mm  Quarter deck: 1.18" / 30 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 4.72" / 120 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 20,000 ihp / 14,920 Kw = 22.89 kts
   Range 4,000nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 806 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   366 - 476

Cost:
   £0.779 million / $3.115 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 382 tons, 5.8%
      - Guns: 382 tons, 5.8%
   Armour: 761 tons, 11.5%
      - Armament: 40 tons, 0.6%
      - Armour Deck: 685 tons, 10.4%
      - Conning Tower: 36 tons, 0.5%
   Machinery: 3,125 tons, 47.3%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,618 tons, 24.5%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 711 tons, 10.8%
   Miscellaneous weights: 15 tons, 0.2%
      - Hull below water: 15 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     2,247 lbs / 1,019 Kg = 21.8 x 5.9 " / 150 mm shells or 0.6 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.44
   Metacentric height 3.6 ft / 1.1 m
   Roll period: 11.6 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.27
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.06

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.506
   Length to Beam Ratio: 8.13 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 20.65 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 66
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  10.50 ft / 3.20 m,  10.50 ft / 3.20 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  10.50 ft / 3.20 m,  10.50 ft / 3.20 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  10.50 ft / 3.20 m,  10.50 ft / 3.20 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  10.50 ft / 3.20 m,  10.50 ft / 3.20 m
      - Average freeboard:      10.50 ft / 3.20 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 171.9%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 81.5%
   Waterplane Area: 14,917 Square feet or 1,386 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 80%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 82 lbs/sq ft or 402 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.98
      - Longitudinal: 1.12
      - Overall: 1.00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Cramped accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

[Walter]

ICNS Zhuji class, China Unprotected Cruiser laid down 1898 (Engine 1900)

Displacement:
   1,238 t light; 1,282 t standard; 1,446 t normal; 1,578 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (275.59 ft / 275.59 ft) x 31.99 ft x (11.48 / 12.27 ft)
   (84.00 m / 84.00 m) x 9.75 m  x (3.50 / 3.74 m)

Armament:
      2 - 4.72" / 120 mm 40.0 cal guns - 50.71lbs / 23.00kg shells, 150 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1898 Model
     2 x Single mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      8 - 1.77" / 45.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.76lbs / 1.25kg shells, 500 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1898 Model
     8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 124 lbs / 56 kg

Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 6,511 ihp / 4,857 Kw = 21.00 kts
   Range 3,800nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 296 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
   116 - 152

Cost:
   £0.162 million / $0.648 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 32 tons, 2.2%
      - Guns: 32 tons, 2.2%
   Machinery: 767 tons, 53.0%
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 429 tons, 29.7%
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 208 tons, 14.4%
   Miscellaneous weights: 10 tons, 0.7%
      - On freeboard deck: 10 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     592 lbs / 269 Kg = 11.2 x 4.7 " / 120 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.61
   Metacentric height 2.0 ft / 0.6 m
   Roll period: 9.5 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.14
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.12

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.511
   Length to Beam Ratio: 8.62 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 16.60 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 63
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00%,  9.19 ft / 2.80 m,  9.19 ft / 2.80 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00%,  9.19 ft / 2.80 m,  9.19 ft / 2.80 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00%,  9.19 ft / 2.80 m,  9.19 ft / 2.80 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00%,  9.19 ft / 2.80 m,  9.19 ft / 2.80 m
      - Average freeboard:      9.19 ft / 2.80 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 178.8%
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 88.6%
   Waterplane Area: 5,874 Square feet or 546 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 67%
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 48 lbs/sq ft or 236 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.96
      - Longitudinal: 1.40
      - Overall: 1.00
   Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Cramped accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform